rss_2.0Sciendo RSS Feed for Acta Veterinariahttps://sciendo.com/journal/ACVEhttps://www.sciendo.comhttps://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64707b9b71e4585e08a9e38a/cover-image.jpghttps://sciendo.com/journal/ACVE140216https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-0034<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The osteogenic process is a complex and dynamic biological phenomenon essential for the initial formation of bones during embryonic development and the continuous remodeling and repair of bones throughout an individual’s life. It involves coordination of various cell types, signaling pathways, and environmental factors to ensure proper bone formation and maintenance. The main role in this process belongs to bone marrow cells and peripheral blood cells. This paper provides an overview of currently available literature data about different contributions of bone marrow cells and peripheral blood cells to the osteogenic process. Focusing on their differentiation, signaling pathways, and interactions within the bone microenvironment this article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how these cells orchestrate the osteogenic process, offering insights into their therapeutic potential. Understanding these complex cellular interactions is crucial for the development of advanced therapeutic approaches in regenerative medicine and orthopedics, which will ultimately improve outcomes in patients with bone defects and bone-related disorders.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-00342024-12-17T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-0037<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases, including cancer, by reacting with fundamental biomolecules. While conventional anticancer treatments such as ionizing radiation and chemotherapy have significant adverse effects, some medicinal plants exhibit free radical scavenging and anticancer activities. <italic>Spilanthes acmella</italic> L., commonly known as the toothache plant, is reported to have various bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anticancer properties. The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate antiproliferative potential of <italic>Spilanthes acmella</italic> ethanolic extract on human cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa) and human myelogenous leukemia (K562) cancer cell lines. The stock solution of <italic>Spilanthes acmella</italic> extract was prepared in ethanol at concentration of 1 mg/mL and diluted with complete nutrient medium RPMI-1640. The medium was supplemented with 3 mM l-glutamine, 100 μg/mL streptomycin, 100 IU/mL penicillin, 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), and 25 mM Hepes, adjusted to pH 7.2. Cell survival was determined by the MTT assay 72 hours post-treatment. The IC₅₀ values were calculated using a dose-response growth curve. The <italic>S. acmella</italic> ethanolic extract demonstrated significant cytotoxic (antiproliferative) effects on both HeLa and K562 cancer cell lines. The extract exhibited higher cytotoxicity towards K562 cells, with an IC₅₀ value of 29.1 µg/mL, compared to HeLa cells, which had an IC₅₀ value of 48.8 µg/mL. <italic>Spilanthes acmella</italic> extract possesses considerable potential as an anticancer agent and warrants further <italic>in vivo</italic> investigations to confirm its efficacy.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-00372024-12-17T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-0036<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a contagious viral disease of cattle. This experiment aimed to study the influence of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) infection and farm size on hematological, biochemical parameters and cytokines in 55 beef cattle. The groups included LSDV–infected cattle from large farms (Group 1), LSDV–infected cattle from small farms (Group 2), uninfected cattle from large farms (Group 3), and uninfected cattle from small farms (Group 4). The hematological, biochemical values and cytokine profiles were measured. The results showed that red blood cells, hemoglobin, platelets, white blood cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes were higher in infected cattle than in the uninfected cattle. The level of eosinophils of the cattle from the large farm was higher than that of the small farm. Gamma glutamyl transferase in the infected cattle was higher than in the uninfected cattle. Albumin of the cattle from the small farm was higher than that from the large farm. IFN–γ in infected cattle was higher than in uninfected cattle, while TNF–α in the infected cattle was lower than in the uninfected cattle. Our study indicated that LSDV infection altered hematological and biochemical parameters, including cytokine profiles, with farm size potentially influencing these alterations.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-00362024-12-17T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-0038<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>In veterinary medicine, 1% Cyclopentolate hydrochloride (CP) has emerged as an intermediate-term cycloplegic and mydriatic agent. This study evaluated the pupillary dilation time and systemic effects related to the use of 1% CP eye drops in cats. Fifteen cats, aged 1 to 6 years and weighing 2.5 to 7 kg, were included in the study. After receiving written consent from the owners, each cat was administered two drops of 1% Cyclopentolate, 10 minutes apart, into both eyes. Data on pupil dilation, systemic symptoms, and behavioral changes were collected and analyzed using frequency and descriptive statistics. Pupillary dilation was observed 30 minutes after administering the second drop of 1% CP. The duration of pupillary dilation was 36 hours for 26.6% of the eyes, 48 hours for 53.4%, and 60 hours for 20%. Within the first hour after medication administration, seven cats exhibited episodes of salivation and vomiting, and four displayed behavioral changes, including aggressiveness and increased vocalization. Results suggest that 1% CP eye drops cause mydriasis for at least 36 hours and can lead to temporary adverse effects on the gastrointestinal and nervous systems.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-00382024-12-17T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-0035<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Doxycycline is an antimicrobial agent used in veterinary medicine to treat a variety of bacterial infections. To date, no analytical technique utilising HPLC with fluorescence detection has been documented for the quantification of doxycycline concentrations in goat plasma or milk. Consequently, the objective of the present study was to propose a rapid HPLC assay with fluorescence detection for the quantification of doxycycline in the aforementioned samples, thereby facilitating the conduct of pharmacokinetic studies and the detection of residues in diverse goat tissues. Proteins were precipitated with methanol and trifluoroacetic acid in a single step. Doxycycline was separated on a XBRIDGE C18 column using an isocratic method. Sample volume injected into the HPLC system was 50 µl. Fluorescence detection was conducted with an excitation wavelength of 380 nm and an emission wavelength of 520 nm. The retention times of doxycycline and danofloxacin (internal standard) were determined to be 8.0 and 5.5 minutes, respectively. The calibration curves for plasma and milk exhibited linearity over the concentration range of 0.1 to 2 μg/mL. The limit of detection was 0.065 μg/ mL, while the limit of quantification was 0.1 μg/mL in both matrices. The accuracy and precision of the method were consistently within the limits of 10.9% for plasma and 10.5% for milk. The findings of this study may be employed in the quantification of doxycycline in goat plasma and milk, thus facilitating the conduct of pharmacokinetic studies.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-00352024-12-17T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-0040<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Dogs act as definitive hosts for several diseases caused by protozoa, some of which are zoonotic. Due to their close contact with humans and other animals, they play a crucial role in the transmission of these diseases. Although infection with <italic>Neospora caninum</italic> or <italic>Leishmania infantum</italic> is not a determining factor for another, co-infection with these protozoa can aggravate clinical signs and increase the mortality rate. Though, there are reports of success in the treatment of neosporosis, the prognosis is generally considered unfavorable, especially in young dogs. The objective of this study is to report a case of infection by both protozoa in a dog treated at a university veterinary hospital, highlighting the clinical remission of nervous signs of neosporosis after treatment with the combination of sulfadoxine and clindamycin, followed by reduction of clinical signs of canine leishmaniasis (CanL) with treatment with miltefosine and allopurinol. Despite the worse prognosis for co-infection with <italic>N. caninum</italic> and <italic>L. infantum</italic>, the dog presented remission of neurological signs and a reduction in parasite load and clinicopathological signs associated with CanL.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-00402024-12-17T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-0039<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This study evaluated the efficiency of different Selenium supplements on blood Se status and reproductive performance of carp broodstock. Female carp (n=120) were distributed in 4 groups supplemented with Se as follows: control (non-supplemented), sodium selenite 200 µg/kg feed, sodium selenite i/m injection (160 µgSe/kg bodyweight), and selenized yeast 200 µg/kg feed. Blood was sampled on days 1, 20, and 30. On day 30, samples of roe were taken from females, and samples of blood and milt from 10 unsupplemented males. Larvae samples were taken after hatching. Plasmatic Se concentration was 51.38±3.77 µg/kg (day 1) and did not vary significantly. The erythrocyte Se concentration increased from 14.04±3.05 µg/kg (day 1), reaching 90.58±12.43 (day 20), to 212.38±57.87 µg/kg (day 30). Plasmatic glutathione peroxidase activity in supplemented groups increased from 4.41±1.15 to 7.73±2.26 μkat/L and plateaued until day 30. A similar pattern was observed for erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity, ranging from 54.51±15.45 μkat/L (day 1) to 80.72± 6.82 μkat/L (day 30). Se concentration and selenoenzyme activities in males did not differ from the female control group. Roe Se content ranged from 48.26±17.53 μg/L in control to 65.68±34.39 μg/L in fish supplemented selenized yeast, and in the pooled larvae samples, ranged from 26-43 μg/L. The Se concentration in the milt was 24.78±4.27 μg/L. Results suggest that 250 µgSe/kg feed was sufficient to meet the requirements of mature carp, sodium selenite being more efficient in elevating blood Se concentrations and selenoenzymes activities, while selenized yeast being more efficient in roe and larvae.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-00392024-12-17T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-0032<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The carcasses of ten great cormorants (<italic>Phalacrocorax carbo</italic>) found in one colony in the province of Vojvodina were necropsied and examined for parasites. The study aimed to identify helminths and histopathologically evaluate the associated tissue damage. Numerous nematodes were observed, either free in the the lumen of the ventriculus or deeply embedded in the ventricular mucosa of all the cormorants examined. The collected parasite samples were morphologically identified as <italic>Contracaecum rudolphii</italic> sensu lato. The main pathological findings included a thickening of the ventricular wall, while histopathology revealed a mild inflammatory infiltrate in the adjacent tissue and a connective tissue capsule around the parasite. Given that the parasites in this bird species still need to be thoroughly studied in our country, particularly the pathomorphological changes they cause, this study represents the first attempt to obtain a comprehensive understanding picture of the nematode infection and the pathological changes resulting from the presence of this parasite.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-00322024-09-14T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-0031<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The objective of this research was to describe the variation in breeding practices in the population of Arabian horses in Algeria in relation to the population size drop observed in the 2000s, due to an increase in the cost of food and a change in interest in racing, related to the black decade. As a result, the breeders had to face two opposite constraints: enhancing reproduction to counter the population decline and preventing the loss of genetic diversity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the genetic consequences of the decisions taken over a period of 30 years, starting from 1988 to 2018. The study was based on the analyses of the stud-book and on 11 microsatellite markers in a group of 943 horses, distributed into 13 age classes. Between 2004 and 2008, the breeders purchased foreign sires and dams, allowing a relative stability in unbiased heterozygosity of about 71%, due to the high genetic distances between foreign and local horses. As these importations stopped from 2009 on, there was a decrease in allele numbers of about 20%. Moreover, from 2010 on, we observe an excess of inbreeding and an increase in genetic drift relative to the starting population, due to population size decline. From the analysis of genetic distances between local individuals, it seems that the only constraint for sires and dams allowed to mate was a null coefficient of inbreeding.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-00312024-09-14T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-0025<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Bee venom (BV) and its components, secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and <italic>Apis cerana</italic> secapin-1 (AcSecapin-1), have potential effects on wound healing. This study aims to evaluate impact of BV, sPLA2, and AcSecapin-1 on full-thickness wound healing in male Wistar Albino rats over a 7-day period. Various morphometric (body weight, wound contraction), biochemical (hydroxyproline, oleic acid, IL-8, TGF-β1, redox parameters), and histopathological markers (reepithelialization, inflammatory cells, angiogenesis, fibroblast activation, and collagen density) were assessed. Treatment with sPLA2 and AcSecapin-1 increased oleic acid levels. IL-8 levels increased with sPLA2 treatment, and TGF-β1 levels increased with AcSecapin-1 treatment. BV and its components led to a decrease in FRAP levels. Additionally, BV treatment resulted in reduced angiogenesis, and both BV and sPLA2 treatments reduced inflammatory cells. All groups exhibited wound contraction without delay or regression. sPLA2 and AcSecapin-1 induced alterations in the wound healing milieu, without systemic changes. The treatment groups, except for the AcSecapin-1 group, showed an anti-inflammatory effect, identified by reduced inflammatory cell accumulation. Only the BV treatment suppressed angiogenesis. In conclusion, BV, sPLA2, and AcSecapin-1 demonstrate distinct effects on wound healing, with BV showing notable anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties, while sPLA2 and AcSecapin-1 influenced cytokine and oleic acid levels.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-00252024-09-14T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-0026<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The goal of this study was to evaluate sensitivity of intraoperative Computed Tomography (iCT) imaging for the detection of orbital foreign bodies (OFBs) in an <italic>in vitro</italic> model and evaluate iCT efficacy for surgical planning of OFB detection and removal in veterinary patients. Three canine patients were presented to our hospital for potential orbital foreign body removal. <italic>In vitro</italic> studies were conducted using a canine skull model with placement of various OFBs. Four different examiners utilized CT imaging to evaluate the detection of OFBs. A surgical navigation system was employed to assess the feasibility of stereotactic orbital foreign body retrieval <italic>in vitro</italic>. iCT imaging was applied for surgical planning and guidance of orbital surgery for the removal of OFBs in three clinical patients. <italic>In vitro</italic> experiments revealed a high detection rate for objects with high radiopacity such as metal and glass. The detection rate for organic foreign bodies such as wood was moderate, while for plastic foreign bodies ranged from moderate to low. Navigation was successfully used for OFB retrieval. iCT was effectively employed for detecting OFBs in clinical patients. However, porcupine quills were better detected using standard ultrasound imaging. The use of iCT potentially represents an evolving technological practice that enables real-time imaging to improve the precision of surgical procedures.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-00262024-09-14T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-0029<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a serious, transboundary disease that affects cattle all over the world and results in considerable productivity losses. Although Türkiye’s first outbreak of LSD was reported in August 2013, there is very little information available about the outbreak’s spatiotemporal distribution or severity. GIS-based data analysis provides crucial tools for describing the spatial epidemiology of the disease by assessing the spatial distribution of LSD across time. This study used information on outbreaks reported to the the World Animal Health Organization (WOAH-OIE) between 2013 and 2021 to conduct a retrospective study on the epidemiology of LSD in Türkiye. Differences in the number of reported outbreaks and cases across different regions, provinces, months, and years were evaluated and descriptive statistics were calculated. In addition, spatial statistical tests (Local Moran’s I and Getis-Ord Gi*) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) were used to assess LSD outbreaks that had taken place at the province level in Türkiye. Possible epidemiological clusters of LSD were identified. A total of 1787 outbreaks and 10109 cases of LSD were reported from 75 out of 81 provinces of Türkiye during the course of the nine-year period. Hotspots for the circulation of LSD were identified in the Aegean, Southeastern and Eastern regions using spatial cluster analyses and it was observed that the spatial autocorrelation of LSD cases is positive across the country. The findings from this study, it may help us comprehend the disease’s spatial character and offer authorities the beneficial information for surveillance efforts.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-00292024-09-14T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-0028<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Colibacillosis, caused by avian pathogenic <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> (APEC), is one of the most prevalent and economically damaging bacterial diseases affecting poultry globally. Managing colibacillosis is difficult and frequently ineffective because APEC strains have developed widespread resistance to antibiotics, and the strict regulations and public concerns towards using antimicrobial agents in poultry further complicate the situation. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial properties of hydrolysable (sweet chestnut extract) and condensed (quebracho extract) tannins on <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> (<italic>E. coli)</italic> isolates from poultry, exploring their potential as antibiotic alternatives in managing colibacillosis. <italic>E. coli</italic> was isolated from the internal organs of deceased poultry across 18 farms, including layers, broilers, and broiler breeders. Each isolate was assessed for the presence of APEC strain predictors (virulence genes <italic>iutA</italic>, <italic>hlyF</italic>, <italic>iss</italic>, <italic>iroN</italic>, and <italic>ompT</italic>), antimicrobial resistance to 14 antibiotics using the disc diffusion method, and the presence of resistance genes for specific antibiotics (ampicillin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and quinolones). Out of 43 isolates, 27 (62.8%) were classified as APEC, 30 (69.8%) showed resistance to three or more antibiotic classes, and 32 (74.4%) carried at least one AMR gene. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the hydrolysable tannins from sweet chestnut extract (<italic>Castanea sativa</italic> Mill.) (SwCh) ranged from 0.5 to 3 mg/mL, while for the condensed tannins from quebracho extract (<italic>Schinopsis lorentzii</italic>) (Que), the MICs ranged from 1.5 to 4.5 mg/mL. The results indicate that both hydrolysable and condensed tannins possess significant <italic>in vitro</italic> antimicrobial activity against APEC, offering a potentially valuable alternative for controlling colibacillosis in the poultry industry.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-00282024-09-14T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-0024<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Osteoarthritis (OA) in horses often affects the metacarpal/metatarsophalangeal (MCP/MTP) joints and its detection in the early stages is crucial for effective management. I t was hypothesized that the extent of cartilage damage positively correlates with synovial membrane (SM) and synovial fluid (SF) pathological findings in the MCP/MTP joints of Serbian mountain horses that transported heavy loads but did not show signs of lameness. The study was conducted on 32 MCP/MTP joints of eight horses between seven to 12 years of age. Horse limbs were transferred from the abattoir to the necropsy room and SF was sampled. Its appearance, total nucleated cell count (TNCC), mononuclear cell count (MNC), total proteins (TP), and haptoglobin (Hp) were determined. Samples of SM were collected from the dorsal palmar/plantar pouch for histology. A macroscopic examination of gross condylar pathology of the third metacarpal/metatarsal bone was performed with Indian Ink staining. Scoring was done based on Osteoarthritis Research Society International recommendations. SF was clear, pale yellow, and mostly fairly viscous. Half of the samples had TNCC above, and all had TP within the reference range. Hp values were below the reference range and were omitted from further analyses. TNCC correlated with MNC (ρs=0.81, P&lt;0.001), microscopic (ρs=0.62, P=0.003) and macroscopic scores (ρs=0.47, P=0.008). In addition, MNC correlated with macroscopic scores (ρs=0.40, P=0.03). All pathological findings were mild and their correlation indicated that these processes are interrelated and that could be ascribed to early OA.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-00242024-09-14T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-0033<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>A Shorthair castrated 8-year-old tomcat was brought to a veterinary hospital for slowly progressive onset of tetraplegia developing within last 14 days. The clinical and blood examinations at admission showed no abnormalities, the neurological examination showed severe cervical pain and tetraplegia with lower motor neuron deficits on thoracic limbs and normal withdrawal with increased patellar reflexes on pelvic limbs. Deep pain perception was present on all four limbs. The neuroanatomic localisation was C6-T2 lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine demonstrated severe spondylosis deformans, degeneration of multiple IVD, and ventral extradural right sided spinal cord compression at the level C7-T1. Mildly hyperintense on T2-weighted and STIR, mildly hypointense on T1-weighted pre-contrast, and homogeneously contrast-enhancing mass on T1-weighted post-contrast images was observed at this area.</p> <p>This article describes an interesting case of a tumor in a cat localised in the cervicothoracic spinal segment extradurally compressing the spinal cord and causing severe neurological dysfunction. These clinical symptoms were successfully treated through a ventral slot surgery, the tumor was well circumscribed and comfortably removable through this approach. This rare tumor is considered benign and prognosis is favourable after surgical removal due to its non-invasive growth pattern. After surgery, the cat was observed continuously for a few months and the recovery was sufficient with no recurrence of neurological symptoms by now. This case is worth attention mainly because, despite the serious clinical presentation, it has a good long term prognosis and does not require a complex surgical approach.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-00332024-09-14T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-0027<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p><italic>Aspergillus</italic> species are known to be very important in human and domestic animal health. <italic>Aspergillus</italic> species commonly cause severe systemic and skin infections, as well as allergic lung diseases. With the development of PCR techniques, these methods are used to identify and diagnose fungi. DNA extraction from <italic>Aspergillus</italic> species is difficult because the fungal cell wall structure is very durable and complex. Fungal DNA extraction methods containing proteinase K and liquid nitrogen are widely used to break down the cell wall. However, these methods cause DNA loss during the extraction in <italic>Aspergillus</italic> species. In this study, on the contrary, the commonly used DNA extraction by means of ammonium hydroxide, which is generally used to break down chitin in DNA extraction of ticks and plants, is used. The efficiency of the cell wall lysis method from <italic>A. flavus</italic> with ammonium hydroxide was compared with methods containing proteinase K and liquid nitrogen. For this purpose, DNA extraction of <italic>A. flavus</italic> was tried using three different methods. As a result, the cell wall of <italic>A. flavus</italic> was lysed using ammonium hydroxide in this study. The obtained DNA’s quality, concentration, and PCR performance were sufficient. This method has been evaluated as a faster, more straightforward, and more economical alternative.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-00272024-09-14T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-0030<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The study examined how different solid feeds affected the biochemical parameters in calf plasma. The experiment involved a control group and three test groups of calves, each fed with a different starter mixture. The results showed significant differences in some biochemical parameters between the feeding groups. Calves in groups P1 and P3 had a statistically higher glucose concentration in blood plasma compared to group C. Calves from group P3 had a higher concentration of urea in blood plasma than calves from group C. Calves in groups P1 and P3 also had higher concentrations of total protein and globulin in blood plasma compared to group C. The concentration of inorganic phosphate in the blood plasma of calves from group P3 was significantly higher than that of group C. Female calves in the experimental groups showed a lower concentration of NEFA at three months of age compared to the control group. It was concluded that feeding calves with a starter mixture containing whey and easily digestible protein had a positive effect on the nutritional status and energy balance of the calves.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-00302024-09-14T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-0013<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This study examined pathomorphological changes and meat quality alterations associated with Wooden Breast Myopathy (WB) in total of 192 broiler chickens divided into Ross 308 (n=96) and Cobb 500 (n=96) heavy hybrids at ages 42, 60, and 70 days. WB occurrence remained consistently high (&gt;73%) across periods, peaking on day 70 (83% for Ross, 90% for Cobb). Cobb broilers had better production results and carcass traits parameters after day 42 and day 60 of the experiment (p≤0.05). Genotype did not affect WB occurrence or severity, while slaughter age influenced severe cases WB occurrence, increasing from 11.67% on day 42 to 36.67% on day 70 (p=0.003). The presence of WB was associated with higher ultimate pH, lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) of the muscle (p&lt;0.0001), except on day 70. Physicochemical and color parameters were also influenced by slaughter age (p&lt;0.0001). On day 42, drip loss (p&lt;0.0001), cooking loss (p≤0.05) and shear force (p&lt;0.0001) were affected by genotype. On days 60 and 70, the differences in water retention capacity were observed only between normal and severely affected breasts (p&lt;0.0001). For each slaughter age severely affected WB had higher shear force compared to normal breasts (p&lt;0.0001). Additionally, with the increasing slaughter age of broilers, drip loss, cooking loss, and shear force of the breast meat were increased (p&lt;0.0001). The results obtained regarding the occurrence and severity of WB and its consequent meat quality alterations suggest that extended fattening is not recommended for poultry production.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-00132024-06-24T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-0014<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>African swine fever continues to pose a global agricultural problem due to the absence of vaccine prevention and the high cost of anti-epizootic measures. This study examines the functional role of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) 1L-5-6L multigene family 110 genes <italic>in vivo</italic>. Four clinically healthy Large White pigs were used in this study. Two groups of animals were inoculated with either the parental strain or the deletion variant, respectively. For subsequent challenge infection, the homologous virulent strain “Stavropol 01/08” was used. Blood samples were collected at specific time intervals. The ASFV infectious activity was determined by titration in porcine blood-derived macrophages. Virus-specific antibodies to the ASFV p30 protein were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p> <p>The results of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed a significant difference in Ct values between samples from the two groups of animals. The determination of ASFV infectious activity in blood samples demonstrated the presence of the virus in animals immunized with the parental strain. The virus was not detected in samples from animals immunized with the deletion strain. The ELISA method demonstrated the presence of p30 protein antibodies in serum samples from 10 to 14 days after immunization with the parental strain, while no antibodies were detected in serum samples from animals immunized with the deletion strain.</p> <p>The properties of the ASFV recombinant strain “Volgograd/D(1L-5-6L) MGF110” were studied in an <italic>in vivo</italic> experiment. It was found that the deletion strain does not reproduce in animals, unlike the parental strain.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-00142024-06-24T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-0012<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are one of the most common neoplasms in female dogs. Unfortunately, the current diagnosis often occurs in later stages, and there is a pressing need for more comprehensive data on treatment options to improve overall prognosis. Consequently, the early detection of these tumors is critical for improving treatment outcomes and survival rates. As such, biomarkers are essential for improving the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of CMT, the reason for which further research is required to enhance our understanding of the disease. The most studied biomarkers for CMT are evaluated from serum and tissue samples using different molecular approaches and relate to proliferation and cell cycle. Several biomarkers were also described regarding cell damage, autophagy and apoptotic-related pathways, hypoxia, angiogenesis, EMT, invasion, metastasis or cancer stem features. Overall, biomarkers have shown the potential to be used as a tool for the early detection of mammary tumors in dogs. However, more research is needed to validate these biomarkers and to develop sensitive and specific diagnostic tests. In this regard, we aimed to review known biomarkers and their role in CMT comprehensively. We also encouraged further investigations of reliable biomarkers that could improve treatment outcomes and survival rates for dogs with this disease.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/acve-2024-00122024-06-24T00:00:00.000+00:00en-us-1