rss_2.0Sciendo RSS Feed for Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Social Analysishttps://sciendo.com/journal/AUSSOChttps://www.sciendo.comhttps://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470cf2d71e4585e08aa60d6/cover-image.jpghttps://sciendo.com/journal/AUSSOC140216https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2023-0003<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>In the late 1920s and throughout the 1930s, several sociological monographic campaigns were carried out in a few villages in Romania. It was for the first time that a large research group from Romania investigated rural social life using an integrated theoretical system and interdisciplinary methods and instruments. In the second half of the 1930s, a different kind of rural-oriented endeavour started to be undertaken: the “royal voluntary student teams”, whose work in Romanian villages was more oriented towards social action than social research. In October 1938, the Law of the Social Service was issued, providing that all of Romania’s university graduates were compelled to participate in organized cultural work in villages. In most of the activities undertaken by the Bucharest Sociological School and coordinated by Professor Dimitrie Gusti, women participated in large numbers – yet another new feature in Romanian scientific practice. In this paper, I explore how gender, conceptualized as a social, political, and material category, configures power relations within a research group, and I provide tentative and inherently partial answers to such questions as: What combination of social, economic, and political factors led to women’s massive involvement in the sociological monographic campaigns? How did women’s participation contribute to the research endeavours? What are the disciplinary and institutional mechanisms and personal strategies that produced women’s inclusion in, and later exclusion from, the research group?</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2023-00032023-10-30T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2023-0010<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>In Lippmann’s media interpretation, attention plays a central role. Already at the beginning of the 20^th century, the author realizes that to understand the operational characteristics of mass media, it is essential to learn about the nature of consumer attention. Lippmann was one of the first researchers to discover that without examining attention, we cannot understand the patterns of persuasion or political, social, and cultural influence, and the peculiarities of media economy. Thus, in his work <italic>Public Opinion</italic>, published in 1922, he devoted a distinct chapter, entitled <italic>Time and Attention</italic>, to this topic. Lippmann’s legacy lives on with us in this sense as well. With the advent of digital media, new possibilities for exploiting attention appeared, and tracking the characteristics and changes of these is also of great importance in contemporary media research. The following study focuses on the institutionalization of the digital attention economy, and within it deals with influencer agencies as the newest segment of the media and cultural industry.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2023-00102023-10-30T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2023-0007<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The history of Hungarian sociology in the state-socialist period can certainly be described in terms of a general Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) historical model, the most important feature of which is the undivided power of the Communist Party. Under such conditions, the Soviet Union and local political power holders had a direct influence on the institutionalization and functioning of sciences, including sociology. The study contributes to understanding the social impact of the 1956 revolution, particularly its crushing effect on the development of Hungarian sociology in relation to the general model. Firstly, the early development of sociology in the Soviet Union and most state-socialist countries in the 1950s was blocked in Hungary by the 1956 revolution. The trauma of the 1956 revolution made all groups of society, including the intelligentsia, realize that the system could not be changed in the long term. At the same time, it made it clear to the political authorities that the system could not be maintained in the long run with methods of the past. As a result, Kádár’s consolidation relied heavily on a compromising intelligentsia, needed for its expertise (in this case, modern sociological expertise) and legitimizing the system. Consequently, sociology in Hungary started developing and became institutionalized in the early 1960s. In this situation, sociology represented both a critical point of view opposing the system and, at the same time, a tool of its – covert or overt – legitimation.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2023-00072023-10-30T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2023-0008<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>After the Second World War, the population policies of the socialist countries were not free from the dilemma of natalist/anti-natalist policies. This essay focuses on the Hungarian population policy discourses of the Kádár era and the present day, with some references to Central European specificities. The fear of the disappearance of Hungarians has been present in Hungarian intellectual discourse for several centuries, and by the twentieth century, it had become a fundamental idea that reached society as a whole. Given the growing interest (not independently of contemporary trends) in the international sociological literature not only in the transformation of biopolitics in recent decades but also in the historical antecedents of earlier periods, I believe that it may be interesting to examine the fear of national death in both a Hungarian and a Central European context.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2023-00082023-10-30T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2023-0009ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2023-00092023-10-30T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2023-0002<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This research is intended as an in-depth study of the contexts favouring the development of organizational and scientific cooperation practices, as well as of the contexts favouring the emergence of organizational competition and conflict practices within the Gustian School. I will follow how the respective practices emerged and consolidated within the abovementioned sociological school. I will also discuss the organizational climate and how internal conflicts were managed in the school. Using this approach, I intend to explore and elaborate upon the directions already inaugurated by Zoltán Rostás in his research on the organizational development of the Gustian School.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2023-00022023-10-30T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2023-0006<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Hungarian sociography describes society and social problems in an easily understandable way. Sociographic writings do not neglect the political purpose, which creates a specific knowledge about the society within a limited public. Despite the heterogeneity of the genre, the central element of sociographic work is the critique of the dysfunctionality of the existing social system, urging social change. Sociography has not had the conditions to become a science. It remained an area on the border of politics – science – literature. All three at once; however, neither of them. The problem of the institutionalization of sociography means that its importance can be determined through the examination of its task.</p> <p>Burawoy’s theory on public sociology argues that the knowledge of society expressed in scientific language needs to be adapted to the common language. Based on the characteristics of Hungarian sociography, the main goal is to adapt Burawoy’s approach on public sociology to sociography. This article presents the peculiarities of Hungarian sociographic knowledge production and transmission during the 20^th century and attempts to place sociography in Burawoy’s system.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2023-00062023-10-30T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2023-0004<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This text outlines the journey and achievements of the Gusti Cooperative, a research group with deep roots in the work of Professor Zoltán Rostás in the field of oral history. Established in the early 2000s, the Cooperative emerged from Rostás’s initiative to offer an alternative and complementary history of the Sociological School of Bucharest. Comprising Rostás, his Ph.D. students, and a network of friends, the Cooperative primarily focuses on social history and the history of Romanian sociology. Their work revolves around oral history interviews, documentation, and the publication of otherwise inaccessible documents from the interwar period. Despite maintaining an informal status and lacking a conventional organizational structure, the Cooperative has made significant contributions to the field of Romanian sociological research over the past two decades. Their most notable work involves the retrieval and publication of forgotten pages from the history of Romanian sociology, including anthologies, correspondences, and unpublished documents.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2023-00042023-10-30T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2023-0001<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This article attempts to draw a general outline of comparative Central and Eastern European sociology. It focuses on the year 1918, when the Great War ended, and it explores the background and continuation of the (re)birth of sociology. The study is justified by the fact that the history of the national schools of sociology has been approached in correlation with Western centres, and therefore a regional approach is needed. First, the study differentiates between countries that were allied to the victorious powers in the First World War and countries that lost the war, between countries where sociology gained momentum and countries where science suffered. In the countries that were at an advantage – Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, and Serbia –, sociology was at very different stages of institutionalization, but it registered significant progress until the 30s. The countries that lost – Bulgaria, Russia, and Hungary – were not only more weakened after the war but also plagued by revolutions, civil wars, and retaliations; they were not a fertile ground for sociological production. Apart from Russia, it is only in the 1930s that sociology started to considerably develop in these countries. The article does not only compare the status of sociology in the seven countries, but it also explores the evolution of the relationships between them. After an understandable dependence on the Western academic centres, there was the possibility for a regional identity to form.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2023-00012023-10-30T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2023-0005<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p><italic>Magyar Társadalomtudományi Szemle</italic> (<italic>MTSZ</italic>), i.e. <italic>Hungarian Review of Social Sciences</italic>, was published between 1908 and 1918, and it was the highest-toned journal of contemporary Hungarian conservative sociology. At that time, in the last years of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, one of the most pressing social issues was the nationalities question: what rights belong to non-Hungarian-speaking nationalities living in the territory of the Kingdom of Hungary? This question was answered by two schools of tender-aged Hungarian social science. In general, liberal-left sociologists following Western scientific patterns believed that the language and cultural rights of national minorities need to be expanded. Conservatives, on the other hand, called for a restrictive policy to maintain the territorial integrity of the Kingdom of Hungary. The analysis of the authors and writings in favour of the extension of rights has been completed (Litván 1978, 2006; Litván–Szücs 1973). Conservative sociologists who support the restriction, however, have so far received almost no attention in the history of sociology. In this writing, I would like to fill this gap. After the short institutional presentation of contemporary conservative sociology, I will focus on their central journal, <italic>MTSZ</italic>. I will analyse the articles in which the authors have taken a position on the nationalities question. I argue that the articles published in the <italic>MTSZ</italic> have primarily addressed the nationalities question as a political and demographic issue. Therefore, I will describe these two types of writing. (Beyond that, some articles focused on social theory, culture, or education when writing about the rights of non-Hungarian-speaking minorities.) My basic question is how those aspects of the nationalities question appeared in <italic>MTSZ</italic> and how those all create a specific political store of knowledge. If we get answers to this, not only will we shed light on one of the forgotten but exciting schools of early Central European social science, but perhaps the history of the first quarter of the 20^th century will also be better understood.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2023-00052023-10-30T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2019-0005<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p>The paper’s aim is a critical reconstruction concerning the ideas of the most renowned representatives of the Hungarian Popular Movement: László Németh, Ferenc Erdei, and István Bibó. It contextualizes the notion of “populism”, which has semantically become overburdened up to now: it means everything and nothing. The Hungarian Populist Movement must be interpreted in the interwar Central-Eastern European and Hungarian contexts. The notion of dual society was a catchword for the abovementioned thinkers; according to its basic tenet, in Hungarian society, there is a symbiosis of modern and premodern segments. The demand for emancipation of the peasantry as a common denominator was frequently connected with the idea of alternative modernization; it was imagined as an autochthonous development different from the Western European models.</p></abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2019-00052019-08-17T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2019-0002<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p>Historical and social historical researches have extensively explored the social role and history of the Hungarian nobility and aristocracy, but the present situation of the descendants of the former traditional élite has been overlooked by contemporary sociological studies. The aim of this paper is to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive picture concerning the young descendants of the Hungarian aristocratic families living in Hungary at the turn of the 21^st century. The results confirm that the examined group has a very good chance of reaching a higher status within the society despite all the disadvantages their parents and grandparents suffered during the communist era. In other words, they possess all socio-demographic factors which make a higher position likely. This advantageous socio-demographic position is interacting with the values and goals transmitted in family upbringing, namely acquiring a diploma and the knowledge of foreign languages. The religious, Christian, and family-centric values also played a considerable role in their education. Among the young descendants of the former aristocratic families, we can distinguish a group which creates a strong informal network and has preserved its special aristocratic identity and filled it with a renewed content.</p></abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2019-00022019-08-17T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2019-0001ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2019-00012019-08-17T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2019-0006<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p>The role of the diaries and memoirs in the process of the conscious self-reflection and their contribution to the emergence of modern individual personalities are well-known facts of the intellectual history. The present paper intends to analyze a special form of the creation of modern individual character; it is the self-creation of the writer as a conscious personality, often with a clearly formulated opinion about her/his own social role. There will be offered several examples from the 19^th-century history of the Hungarian intelligentsia. This period is more or less identical with the modernization of the “cultural industry” in Hungary, dominated by the periodicals with their deadlines, fixed lengths of the articles, and professional editing houses on the one hand and the cultural nation building on the other. Concerning the possible social and cultural role of the intelligentsia, it is the moment of the birth of a new type, so-called public intellectual. I will focus on three written sources, a diary of a Calvinist student of theology, Péter (Litkei) Tóth, the memoirs of an influential public intellectual, Gusztáv Szontagh, and a belletristic printed diary of a young intellectual, János Asbóth.</p></abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2019-00062019-08-17T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2019-0003<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p>Since 2005, a unique project has been under way, which aims to collect all possible descendants of the parliamentary élite of the 18^th-century Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (Rzeczpospolita). The project resulted in creating an online database called <italic>The Genealogy of Descendants of the Great Sejm</italic>, which provides a unique source of information about the genealogical structure of people descending from the 18^th-century noble élite of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Drawing on these data, this paper aims to open up new lines of inquiry on the dynamics of homogamy of the Polish nobility by analyzing longer trends of several (e.g. five, eight, or even more) generations of nobles (or nobles’ descendants) in Poland over the last two centuries.</p></abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2019-00032019-08-17T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2019-0004<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p>In our paper, we redefine the category of “family” denoting the relationship of selected members of a post-noble/post-aristocratic milieu in Poland using Alain Badiou’s terminology. Badiou’s ontology based on a mathematical set theory and a generic theory is the most developed, complex, and revolutionary ontology of the 20^th and 21^st centuries. However, it is rarely adapted to new empirical studies probably because of its novelty and complexity. We do not intend to use the empirical case study made by Smoczynski–Zarycki to inform our argument but instead perform a translation of the Durkheim–Lacanian theoretical standpoint from “Totem…” into the category of “singularity” [<italic>singularité</italic>] in its relation to “the state of situation” [<italic>état de la situation</italic>] from “Being and Event” (Badiou 2005). This approach seeks to find a universalizing potential of nobility that will allow it to become a relevant subject for truth procedure analysis.</p></abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2019-00042019-08-17T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2019-0007ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2019-00072019-08-17T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2018-0004<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p>Health-related attitudes can be modified and supported most effectively at young ages. Young generations require more interpersonal and interactive pedagogical methods in programs engaged in health promotion, as well. The aim of the authors was to get an insight into a relatively novel pedagogical method, called peer education. This multilateral activity is focusing the procedure on attitudes, experience, and motivation of youngsters in connection with health promotion programs and community service work. In this article, the authors describe 1) the theory, origin, and principal influences of peer education compared to traditional teaching methods and 2) the new, efficiency-oriented and science-based methodology of health education program.</p></abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2018-00042018-10-16T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2018-0007<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p><italic>Deborah Lupton: Digital Health. Critical and Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives</italic> London–New York: Routledge, 2018</p></abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2018-00072018-10-16T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2018-0002<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p>The professional staff in human service institutions are often required to spend considerable time in intense involvement with other people. Frequently, the staff–client interaction is centered around the client’s current problems (psychological, social, and/or physical) and is therefore charged with feelings of anger, embarrassment, fear, or despair. Solutions for these problems are not always obvious and easily obtained, thus adding ambiguity and frustration to the situation. For the helping professional who works continuously with people under such circumstances, the chronic stress can be emotionally draining and poses the risk of burnout. Extensive literature highlighted that healthcare professionals’ work is relentlessly overloaded, emotionally overwhelming, escalating their private life, and thus favoring burnout development. In the present research, there was found a significant difference (p &lt; 0.001) between the burnout level (Maslach HSS) of staff working in state hospitals and staff working in private hospitals. None of the other differences were significant: age (p = 0.155), gender (p = 0.083), work experience (p = 0.480), and job (p = 0.015).</p></abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aussoc-2018-00022018-10-16T00:00:00.000+00:00en-us-1