rss_2.0Sciendo RSS Feed for Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iași. Construction. Architecture Sectionhttps://sciendo.com/journal/BIPCAhttps://www.sciendo.comhttps://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470d8d771e4585e08aa6ed2/cover-image.pnghttps://sciendo.com/journal/BIPCA140216https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-0016<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The present study focuses on the sustainable solution for the improvement of expansive soils behavior using scrap tyre rubber. With the alarming increase of tyre wastes, the researchers world-wide are looking for sustainable methods to include all types of scrap tyre materials in civil engineering structures. This type of waste is very hard to dispose and its clearly unwanted in any kind of urban-industry. Expansive soils are well known for their problematic behavior and have always caused geotechnical problems causing different types of structural damage at light weight buildings and roads. The expansive soil used in this experimental study is the Bahlui Clay which is analyzed in various conditions and in different mixtures with the waste tyre crumbs. In the laboratory tests different percentages of scrap tyre crumbs along with rubber powder have been used aiming to see some improvements of physical parameters. Results have shown that the waste tyre crumbs can be used as a method of soil stabilization, but only in certain conditions. The 30% scrap tyre addition proved to have a positive influence on the geotechnical properties of the active clay, improving the physical soil parameters such as Atterberg limits, linear contraction, and plasticity index.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-00162025-02-19T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-0014<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The current paper approaches the possibility of using the devices owned by the Company I work for, namely the G.P.R. (Ground penetrating Radar), U.A.V., thermal imaging camera, for the purpose of pre or identification of losses on pipelines and transportation of drinking water, identifying fraudulent consumers by determining possible unauthorized digging and monitoring the sewage and treatment plants. both on drinking water distribution and transportation pipes. Using different types of GPR’s such as low frequency, GPR with deep radar penetration up to 11 m depth, GPR with multiple antennas especially those with 40 or more, can help to create a better “image” of the underground utilities, as well as the presence of possible infiltrations, which can come either from damaged pipes or from the groundwater. These equipments like G.P.R., drones and thermal imaging camera, should not be perceived as universal replacement of all the so far existing devices, either in terms of loss identification or in terms of utilities identification, as they are complementary devices on certain loss detection segments.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-00142025-02-19T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-0015<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This article briefly presents how to monitor a technological process in a municipal WWTP, in order to better understand the treatment processes. Monitoring the parameters of wastewater in a treatment plant, involves monitoring the quality of wastewater through measuring and control equipment, sampling wastewater as accurately and as many points as possible, the ideal case being after each technological object or treatment step and analysis of wastewater samples as accurately as possible, also the ideal case being compliance with well-defined methodologies. Following the monitoring of wastewater parameters, data and study results are obtained that can be used to evaluate the technological process, make graphs and tables or to optimize technological processes. The research methodology consists in the presentation of the way of monitoring the wastewater parameters with the measuring and control equipment, the presentation of the sampling method and the analysis method, after which the obtained data will be presented graphically and tabularly.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-00152025-02-19T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-0012<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The construction industry is composed of the entirety of our built environment, from small houses to apartment buildings, to bridges and offices and as such, it serves as the basis on which our society develops, providing context for our world. Since late 2019, with the start of the COVID-19 pandemic the world as we know it has suffered from a social, economical and political shift, as activities have halted in an attempt to stop the spread of the virus. Restrictions and regulations meant to guard our livelihood have had lots of unpredictable and unwanted consequences, and industries from across the globe, especially the building industry have deteriorated, devolved or diminished, resulting in a decrease in quality of life overall. This, combined with the effects of global warming accumulating over the years makes us really consider the importance of building sustainable and minimizing the impact of our lives over the medium we design and thrive. In this regard, the legislative bodies governing the European Union have given guidelines and suggestions on how and why everyone should build with efficiency in mind and trying to lessen the waste that the process of building produces. As such, from 2021 all new buildings must comply to the nZEB standard, meaning they have to be designed with sustainability as a key element. As new technology and engineering feats commence, how can architects adapt to this shift in the design paradigm? And how can this be achieved in underdeveloped countries, where there are many other factors which can be detrimental in the outcome of the built project?</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-00122025-02-19T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-0011<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>In the current energy crisis, the focus on identifying ecosustainable solutions for the construction industry is growing significantly. The materials used, the assembly technologies and the labor force are the main costs that are found in the final price of a new construction or in the rehabilitation of the old buildings. However, the interest in reducing costs must be accompanied equally by the concern to reduce the impact of human activities on natural ecosystems. The paper presents a possible technical solution for making leveling screeds based on biodegradable plant material obtained from the stem of the hemp. Two variants of making the leveling screed using hemp shive as the basic material are presented. The results obtained were compared with two current variants of pouring the leveling screed, such as pearlitic screeds or expanded clay screeds. The aim is to provide technical information verified by laboratory tests to change the perspective on construction materials obtained from vegetable waste.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-00112025-02-19T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-0019<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Prefabricated Reinforced Concrete (PRC) frame structures designed and executed in the pre-1989 period in Romania, occupy a leading spot in the list of industrial, commercial, social and cultural buildings. In this research study, a structure of this type is analyzed. In the introductory part of the study, the types of PRC frame systems specific to seismic zones and their component elements are highlighted. The second part shows the main structural deficiencies of the PRC frame structures required to severe earthquakes. In the following chapters, the dynamic analysis related to the studied structure is developed, as well as a verification of the lateral stiffness. Thus, it was found that the PRC structure develops lateral displacements higher than the admissible limit. In these conditions, some solutions are proposed for retrofitting the structural system using vertical steel braced frames, shear walls, steel-RC composite columns and steel beams on the bay direction.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-00192025-02-19T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-0013<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The analysis of highly irregular processes is often based on the search for a trend, an average curve representing the general pattern of the phenomenon observed. This concept seems intuitive, but determining it objectively raises a number of problems. As the moving average method is one of the most widely used for finding one-dimensional trends, we propose here to extend it to two-dimensional data sets, and to study some of the properties of these 2-D moving averages. We then show that they can be used to detect characteristic observation windows (uniform or self-adaptive), leading to structural trends in the analyzed signal. The method is first applied to functions <italic>f(x,y)</italic> whose variables have the same physical dimension (length,…). It is then generalized to cases of different dimensions (e.g. space-time signals). Applications cover a wide range of fields (turbulent structures in fluid mechanics, image analysis, characterization of surfaces, optimization of an observation process, multi-scale modelling, ...).</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-00132025-02-19T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-0023<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The recent legislative changes concerning the energy efficiency of buildings make it compulsory that high-performance solutions are considered for both buildings envelope and its technical system. While the new construction rate of the non-residential sector has been consistently high during the last decade, also rehabilitation works on existing buildings have been done, involving both expansions and energy efficiency works, as there are different sources of financing available to support the reduction the energy consumptions. When increasing energy efficiency of buildings both thermal rehabilitation works on the envelope and improvements on the efficiency of the technical system are needed. Thermal rehabilitation works will increase the thermal resistance of the enclosing elements, reduce heat losses, limit thermal bridges and air infiltrations. This paper presents a non-residential building, located in the IVth climate zone of Romania, for which a consistent expansion was needed in order to accommodate a larger number of occupants and, at the same time to comply with the current essential requirements. Thus, several scenarios were considered, which integrated renewable energy sources. The compliance with the performance indicators imposed by the new legislation in the field was analysed. The simulations were carried out in a dedicated software, and the results obtained were analyzed in terms of primary energy consumption and equivalent CO2 emissions.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-00232025-02-19T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-0025<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>With a view to sustainable development, the safe supply of natural gas necessary for food preparation and home heating is a priority issue.</p> <p>The natural gas industry is a competitive market that requires high-performing assets that can be translated into high operational availability, production efficiency, reliability, and maintainability of all assets.</p> <p>The quality of natural gas supply systems is the basic indicator of the economical energy industry. Reliability being, along with other technical and economic indicators, is a component of quality, it must be in the attention of all the factors that determine the good running of the company.</p> <p>Following the technological developments in the field of plastics, in the last decades, the pipes made of polyethylene are more and more frequently used in the realization of the natural gas distribution systems.</p> <p>The use of high-density polyethylene pipes is due to the fact that the service life, corrosion resistance, flexibility, and resistance to dynamic stress are superior to steel pipes.</p> <p>However, this material also has some disadvantages.</p> <p>High-density polyethylene pipe is easily affected by ultraviolet light. In addition, the mechanical strength of high-density polyethylene pipe is lower than that of steel.</p> <p>Due to the increase in the number of vehicles in urban areas and the degradation of asphalt on roads, the rate of damage to polyethylene pipes has increased rapidly.</p> <p>In view of the problems encountered in the operation of high-density polyethylene pipes installed underground in the roadway, an analysis of these problems is necessary.</p> <p>This type of analysis is based on the assumption that pavements are subjected to static loads and that paving materials, supports, and pipes are linearly elastic materials. In reality, the pavements are subjected to both static and dynamic loads, the asphalt mixtures are viscoelastic materials, and the clays have plasticity. So, for simplicity, static loads are applied on a road section with properties of linear elastic material.</p> <p>The paper deals, by numerical methods (finite element method), with the deformation modulus and the stress state of high-density polyethylene pipes subjected to the loads resulting from the movement of vehicles on an asphalt road.</p> <p>This paper examined the application of QuickField software on an asphalt pavement at different vehicle positions and the responses of high-density polyethylene pipes to these loads.</p> <p>These analyzes help to position high-density polyethylene pipes in the roadway directly from the design.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-00252025-02-19T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-0020<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Reinforced Concrete (RC) Frame structures are one of the main Seismic-Resistant (SR) structural systems used by structural engineers. In these conditions, the current research study highlights the importance architectural-structural conformation of Moment-Resisting (MR) RC Frame structures in preliminary seismic design stage, so that in the current practice often results MR RC Frame buildings with increased sensitivity to earthquake. Thus, the seismic response of this structural system type required to real earthquakes was studied in parallel with seismic design specifications for RC structures, developed in P100-1 and EC 8 seismic norms. The observations regarding the effects of the inadequate architectural-structural conformation of the MR RC Frame structures overlapped with examples of real structures executed in the Iasi area (Romania). Thus, it was concluded that non-compliance with the conditions of architectural-structural conformation of MR RC Frame systems leads to seismic design of the building for lower values of seismic action and non-existent high ductility of the structure. In these conditions, the lateral structure develops a non-ductile seismic response with local and global collapse mechanisms (general torsion; weak floor/ground floor).</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-00202025-02-19T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-0018<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The concept of energy is closely related to the building sector and the systems used for heating, implicitly energy saving which is a current problem of both old and new buildings. In this paper a series of numerical simulations were made in Autodesk CFD Simulation in order to study the influence of terminal heating systems over the thermal comfort in rooms. Three case solutions were analysed, as follows: heating a room using a steel radiator, heating a room using an aluminium radiator and heating a room using underfloor heating. The values resulted through numerical simulations for the average room temperature were compared with the values for ideal heating. It was observed that underfloor heating is the most efficient source of heating among those analysed. Compared to heating using radiators, the temperatures along the length and height of the room using underfloor heating are constant and close to the ideal heating. The human body feels the most comfortable due to the uniform distribution of temperature from ground level, on height.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-00182025-02-19T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-0021<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>To achieve a significant national reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the construction sector, the Romanian government has aligned national policies with European regulations on the energy efficiency of buildings. For that, when constructing new buildings or renovating existing ones, the criteria associated with the concept of <italic>nearly zero-energy building</italic> (nZEB) are respected. Achieving this objective involves knowing the tools for evaluating the energy performance of the building envelope, considering the important weight it plays in the total energy consumption for normal use. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the possibilities of designers and energy auditors for buildings to evaluate, with a satisfactory degree of accuracy, the energy performance (EP) of curtain wall facades using the calculation methods proposed in SR EN ISO 12631:2018. A study on the influence of some representative parameters on thermal transmittance, carried out on a generic curtain-type facade element, supports those involved in the process of optimizing the solutions for new buildings or the renovation of existing ones.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-00212025-02-19T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-0026<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Because of the high amount of concrete used everywhere in the world, and the big necessity of aggregates and cement the science community has to come with a solution for this problem. The article presents a study of self compacting concrete using recycled aggregates, in this case brick dust, for satisfaction of mechanical properties. Self compacting concrete seems to be the best solution to stop pollution when we talk about concrete because it doesn’t need compacting technologies and offers the opportunity to add to it in limited dosage recycled aggregates or fly ash as substitution of a small portion of cement. The study presents a number of 18 recipes who are using brick dust divided in three categories according to the dimensions of particles such as: 0-4mm; 4-8mm; 8-16mm. The brick dust is replacing the same category of aggregate in three separate percentages: 10%, 20% and 30%. The replacement of cement with fly ash has also been done for the 18 recipes in two percentages: 5% and 10% and the results for fresh state and mechanical properties and density is discussed.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-00262025-02-19T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-0017<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>In recent years, GIS methods have been successfully applied to determine watershed characteristics and shape. Drainage density, the total length of streams per unit area, impacts surface hydrology and reflects climatic effects on terrain. It is associated with hydrologic processes like infiltration, soil saturation, and runoff. This paper aims to enhance processing time and accuracy in determining drainage density using GIS. By applying various GIS functions, a grid network from a digital elevation model is converted to a vector file, revealing the drainage density of the Liwiec watershed. Higher drainage density correlates with lower infiltration rates and higher surface flow velocity, often indicating more sediment transport, higher flood peaks, steep slopes, and low agricultural potential. The study’s findings support future management planning in the area.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-00172025-02-19T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-0022<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>A particularly important role in the design of mechanical ventilation systems for the exhaust of smoke and heat from underground car parks is the sizing and location of sources for natural fresh air supply. Thus, the studies carried out were relevant to the fact that there are premises for an improvement of the functionality of these installations both from a technical and an economic point of view by sizing and arranging the gaps provided for the supply of fresh air, corroborated with the decision to use or non-use of impulse jet fans.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-00222025-02-19T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-0024<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This paper analyses the response of a set of RC frame structures, with different structural parameters, under seismic actions. The purpose is to observe how the structural response varies depending on the structural and seismic action parameters. For this analysis, four structural parameters were selected to be modified and each structure thus obtained was subjected to three seismic actions. In this study case, the structural response is given by the fundamental vibration period of the damaged structure <italic>T_f</italic>, the maximum displacement <italic>d_max</italic> and the inter-story drift ratio <italic>IDR</italic>. Two of these values, i.e. <italic>T_f</italic> and <italic>IDR</italic>, are related directly to the post-seismic structural damage state, which is one of the most important indicators of the structural response.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-00242025-02-19T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-0009<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The concept of energy is closely related to the building sector and the systems used for heating, implicitly energy saving which is a current problem of both old and new buildings. In this paper a series of numerical simulations were made in Autodesk CFD Simulation in order to study the influence of terminal heating systems over the thermal comfort in rooms. Three case solutions were analysed, as follows: heating a room using a steel radiator, heating a room using an aluminium radiator and heating a room using underfloor heating. The values resulted through numerical simulations for the average room temperature were compared with the values for ideal heating. It was observed that underfloor heating is the most efficient source of heating among those analysed. Compared to heating using radiators, the temperatures along the length and height of the room using underfloor heating are constant and close to the ideal heating. The human body feels the most comfortable due to the uniform distribution of temperature from ground level, on height.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-00092024-01-26T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-0002<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Both at national and international level, the present-day trends relate to the development of high-performance enclosing and insulation systems that make use of modern thermo-energetic rehabilitation methods.</p> <p>Thermal rehabilitation works for the envelope of a building or for the building elements forming the envelope concern the diminishing of the heat losses by increasing the thermal resistances of the enclosing elements and limiting air infiltrations through glazed elements and joints.</p> <p>In most Western European countries, national programmes aiming at the thermal protection of the buildings have been developed. The projects ran in gradual stages, starting after the energy crisis in 1973 and 1979, the outcome being a reduction of the energy consumption.</p> <p>According to the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive issued by the European Commission, at present, buildings are responsible for approximately 40% of EU energy consumption and 36% of the energy-related greenhouse gas emissions (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-efficiency/energy-efficient-buildings/energy-performance-buildings-directive_en">https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-efficiency/energy-efficient-buildings/energy-performance-buildings-directive_en</ext-link>).</p> <p>In the paper, a case study is presented, analysed from the point of view of energy efficiency through a new software for computing developed by the author called REBUILD, which leads to the choice of appropriate solutions for the thermal rehabilitation of an element of the building envelope. The recommended solution after the study is intended to bring the structure back to its optimal energy performance and to abide by the current regulations.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-00022024-01-26T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-0010<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>3D printed concrete is a relatively new technology that has been gaining popularity in the construction industry in recent years. It involves the use of a 3D printer to deposit layers of concrete in a pre-determined pattern, gradually building up a three-dimensional structure. This process offers several benefits over traditional concrete construction methods, such as the ability to create complex geometries and reduce material waste. One of the main advantages of 3D printed concrete is its ability to produce highly customized and unique designs that would be difficult or impossible to achieve using traditional construction techniques. Additionally, the precision of the 3D printing process allows for greater control over the properties of the concrete, such as its strength and porosity, which can be tailored to suit the specific requirements of the project. Another benefit of 3D printed concrete is its potential for sustainability. By minimizing material waste and using eco-friendly materials, this technology has the potential to reduce the environmental impact of construction.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-00102024-01-26T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-0005<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>With the global energy crisis and the emergence of sustainable development issues, architectural design must be mastered, not only to ensure a comfortable indoor environment, but also to control energy consumption and its impact on the environment. Comfortable buildings, energy efficiency, and positive energy buildings are all current issues that require knowledge of the basic principles of sustainable development in buildings. Moreover, understanding the values that characterize materials is essential today to choose products wisely from a technical and economic point of view. This work proposes to articulate them by focusing on Functionally graded material (FGM) as a design tool. Thus, it seeks to contribute to convert the concept of gradient into reality with accuracy and precision thanks to the manufacturing processes based on the new technology.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bipca-2022-00052024-01-26T00:00:00.000+00:00en-us-1