EU agrarian Law Feed

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<![CDATA[ The Effectiveness of Agrarian Administration as the Basis for Protecting the Confidence of Agricultural Producers in Public Authority ]]>

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<guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eual-2024-0009</guid>

<![CDATA[ The subject of the article is issues related to the efficiency of agricultural administration as a basis for protecting the confidence of agricultural producers in public authority. Agricultural activity is increasingly determined by the norms of administrative law. Specific in this case, the administration is entitled to build a certain institutional environment that allows it to appoint the bodies necessary for the implementation of the instruments that affect it, and thus to determine the activity of agricultural producers in the desired direction. The purpose of the article was to answer the question of what factor affects the level of confidence in public authority in agricultural producers in the course of their agricultural activities. The article concludes that the actual level of confidence in public authority depends on many factors, including, in particular, individual and collective confidence in the effective operation of the administrative apparatus. ]]>

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<![CDATA[ National Gastronomy and Gastronomic Tourism of Montenegro on its Way to the European Union ]]>

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<guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eual-2024-0008</guid>

<![CDATA[ Montenegro, a Mediterranean gem, boasts abundant natural and cultural treasures, forming the bedrock of its thriving tourism industry. Among its various tourism branches – cultural, nautical, health, and MICE – gastronomy stands out as a potent driver. The indigenous gastronomic landscape not only entices foreign tourists but also fuels increased consumption. This paper endeavours to elucidate the justification and potential of Montenegro’s gastronomic tourism by spotlighting its national gastronomy. Gastronomy, intricately linked with destination identity, plays a pivotal role in shaping the destination’s image. Drawing inspiration from the Republic of Slovenia’s successful declaration as a European gastronomic region in 2021, this paper advocates for a similar trajectory for Montenegro to enhance its tourism brand recognition. ]]>

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<![CDATA[ The Impact of the EU Common Agricultural Policy on the Legal Framework for Financing Agricultural Activities in Poland and Operation of the Agency for the Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture ]]>

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<guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eual-2024-0010</guid>

<![CDATA[ The aim of the article is, firstly, to present and evaluate the legal model of financing agricultural activities in Poland following Poland’s accession to the EU in the face of current challenges, and secondly, to attempt to determine the tasks that the Agency for the Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture performs in financing agricultural activities from EU funds. The article presents the System of Direct Payments as a basic element of Pillar I of the Common Agricultural Policy, Pillar II of the Common Agricultural Policy, Extraordinary Financial Support, the Agency for the Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture in Poland as an accredited entity implementing instruments co-financed from the European Union budget, de mininis aid, notified and ratified programmes. In conclusion, the author states that the current financial support through differentiated programmes under CAP 2023–2027 is aimed at meeting the current challenges. However, it is necessary to increase financial assistance to agricultural producers. The basic institution for financing agricultural activities in Poland is the Agency for the Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture, established as early as 1994 to support the development of agriculture and rural areas. Poland’s membership in the EU has significantly expanded the tasks of the ARMA. The ARMA uses new technologies, such as implementing the Area Monitoring System defined in Article 66(1) of Regulation (EU) 2021/2116 of the European Parliament and the Council. ]]>

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<![CDATA[ Regulation of Precision Farming in EU Countries ]]>

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<guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eual-2024-0007</guid>

<![CDATA[ This paper examines the regulation of precision farming in the countries of the European Union (EU), focusing on technological innovations, environmental impacts, and case studies from various member states. Precision farming, which utilizes advanced technologies to optimize agricultural practices, presents significant opportunities for enhancing productivity and sustainability. However, the integration of these technologies raises regulatory challenges that must be addressed to ensure safe and effective implementation. By analysing the regulatory frameworks and practices in different EU countries, this paper aims to identify best practices and propose recommendations for harmonizing regulations across the EU in order to support the growth of precision agriculture. ]]>

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<![CDATA[ Floating Photovoltaic Systems in Italy: Challenges and Future Prospects in an Uncertain Regulatory Framework ]]>

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<guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eual-2024-0006</guid>

<![CDATA[ In recent years, floating photovoltaics (FPV) has emerged as a highly promising solution for integrating renewable energy production into the global energy landscape. This innovative technology involves the installation of solar panels on floating platforms, offering a number of advantages over traditional land-based photovoltaic systems. First and foremost FPV enables the use of existing water surfaces, such as artificial reservoirs, lakes, and basins, thereby overcoming limitations related to the availability of agricultural or urban land. This feature is particularly pertinent in geographic contexts characterised by high population density and limited land availability, as is the case in many regions of Italy. Furthermore, floating photovoltaics offer a number of additional environmental benefits. The shading effect of the solar panels on the water surface significantly reduces evaporation, thereby preserving a valuable resource like freshwater, which is particularly important in areas prone to drought. Additionally, the natural cooling effect of the water enhances the efficiency of the photovoltaic panels, increasing the production of electricity. ]]>

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<![CDATA[ Finacial Aspects of Municipal Waste Management ]]>

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<guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eual-2024-0005</guid>

<![CDATA[ Municipal waste management plays a crucial role in our communities and has far-reaching implications. Effective waste management contributes to environmental conservation. By reducing waste, recycling, and implementing sustainable practices, we protect our ecosystems and natural resources. Due to the increasing volume of waste and the increasingly complex administration of its collection and disposal, solid waste management is quickly becoming a demanding issue for municipalities all over the world. The objective of the paper was to describe the impacts of communal waste management on municipal budgets and to compare waste management expenditure intensity. The legislative changes, the focus on minimising waste for disposal and promoting a material recycling orientation will have a significant impact on municipal budgets. Local authorities must adjust to the standards established by the European Union. The Slovak Republic will need to progressively adopt these standards by incorporating them into national law ]]>

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<![CDATA[ Environmental Protection in Municipal Legislation ]]>

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<guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eual-2024-0001</guid>

<![CDATA[ The right to a favourable environment is a constitutionally guaranteed right. It is also linked to the duty of every entity to protect and improve the environment. The rights and obligations related to this are further regulated in the legislation of parliament. However, the municipality has also its irreplaceable place in ensuring environment protection, including in the form of issuance of generally binding regulations. The purpose of this paper is the assessment of the municipality’s competence in the field of environmental protection, taking into account its legislative competence. The aim is to examine the definition of the municipality’s power to issue generally binding regulations in the previous decision-making activity of the Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic, the subsequent legislative changes and the current state of the scope of these powers of municipalities. ]]>

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<category>ARTICLE</category>

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<![CDATA[ Cooperative Societies as a Sustainable Legislative Aspect of the Establishment of a Dispersed Hotel ]]>

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<guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eual-2024-0002</guid>

<![CDATA[ Dispersed hotels, characterized by their decentralized accommodation facilities integrated into existing structures of historical or cultural significance, have emerged as a sustainable alternative to traditional centralized hotels. This study explores the role of cooperative societies as a legislative and organizational framework for establishing and managing dispersed hotels. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research analyzes case studies from Europe where cooperative models have successfully facilitated the integration of dispersed hotels into local communities, ensuring economic and cultural sustainability in Slovenia. The findings indicate that cooperative societies enable effective resource sharing, community engagement, and equitable distribution of economic benefits, which are essential for the long-term sustainability of dispersed hotels. Legislative support in the form of favorable policies and financial incentives has been identified as critical in fostering these cooperative initiatives. The study suggests that cooperative societies not only enhance the operational sustainability of dispersed hotels but also contribute to the conservation of cultural heritage and the stimulation of local economies. The results advocate for policymakers to consider cooperative models in tourism development strategies, emphasizing their potential to transform local communities and promote sustainable tourism practices. ]]>

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<![CDATA[ Disinformation, Misinformation and the Agri-Food Sector ]]>

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<guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eual-2024-0003</guid>

<![CDATA[ This paper aims to assess the phenomenon of disinformation and misinformation within the agri-food sector, recognizing the growing concern articulated by global authorities. The significant proliferation of disinformation and misinformation underscores the need to scrutinize various sectors susceptible to its influence, with the agri-food sector identified as particularly vulnerable. Consequently, this paper explores instances of disinformation and misinformation within this field, highlighting its potential influence, prospective impacts, and risks to both the economy and inhabitants. Employing a deductive approach, the author introduces the concept of disinformation, discusses global risks, examines the vulnerability of recipients to (dis/mis)information, and provides specific examples of disinformation and misinformation within the agri-food sector along with its inherent consequences. ]]>

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<category>ARTICLE</category>

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<![CDATA[ Diplomatic Representatives, Missions, and Consulates ]]>

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<guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eual-2024-0004</guid>

<![CDATA[ This paper discusses the intricacies of diplomatic privileges and immunities as outlined in the Vienna Convention. It highlights the distinction between privileges granted to representatives of states versus those of international organizations. The classification of diplomatic staff into four categories is explained, emphasizing the inviolability and immunity of diplomatic agents. Changes in definitions and practices since 1958 are explored, along with the importance of proper notification and certification of diplomatic status. The roles of heads of missions, particularly the doyen of the diplomatic corps, are outlined, as well as the significance of acceptance or rejection of diplomatic representatives by receiving states. The article concludes with insights into the termination of diplomatic missions and the authority of states to impose conditions on diplomatic privileges and immunities. ]]>

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<![CDATA[ The Development of Drone Techology and its Regulation in the European Union ]]>

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<guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eual-2023-0005</guid>

<![CDATA[ Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), or drones, have rapidly transformed from niche gadgets to versatile tools with widespread applications across various sectors. This paper investigates the regulatory landscape of drones within the European Union (EU) and its intricate balance between fostering technological innovation and addressing safety, privacy, security, and environmental concerns. Drones’ exponential growth in Europe’s airspace has prompted the EU to establish a legal framework that addresses their multifaceted implications. While drones offer unprecedented opportunities in areas like disaster response and remote sensing, they also pose challenges such as airspace congestion, potential privacy breaches, and ecological disturbances. This paper examines the evolving legal frameworks, policy developments, and technological advancements that characterize drone regulation in the EU. The study delves into key considerations including air traffic management, data protection, privacy preservation, environmental sustainability, and international collaboration. By analysing EU regulations, such as the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) standards, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and European initiatives on unmanned aircraft systems, this paper uncovers the complex interplay of legal, technical, and ethical dimensions. ]]>

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<![CDATA[ Construction Legislation – Current and Future in the Legal System of the Slovak Republic ]]>

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<guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eual-2023-0004</guid>

<![CDATA[ The importance of addressing the effective functioning of competence execution in the construction sector primarily lies in its impact on the efficiency and quality of these competences. Currently, in Slovakia (SR), municipalities exercise the competences of spatial planning and building regulations within their transferred competence from the state. Through the government’s program statement for the years 2020–2024, the SR government committed to abolish municipal building authorities. With the new legislation that becomes effective on April 1, 2024, there will be a reverse transfer of construction competence from municipalities to state administration, to the newly created Office for Spatial Planning and Construction of the Slovak Republic and regional building authorities.The authors take a critical approach to the original construction legislation (de lege lata) as well as to the newly adopted laws on construction and spatial planning in terms of substantive and procedural provisions, noting the exclusion of the application of Administrative Code in spatial and building proceedings. Through our research on this issue, we suggest de lege ferenda two alternatives regarding the exercise of construction competences at the municipal and state levels and the preservation of dual jurisdiction in building proceedings according to the current administrative procedure. ]]>

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<![CDATA[ The Benefits, Challenges and Legal Regulation of Precision Farming in the European Union ]]>

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<guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eual-2023-0001</guid>

<![CDATA[ Precision farming, or precision agriculture, represents a paradigm shift in modern agriculture, integrating advanced technologies and data-driven techniques to optimize crop production processes. This paper provides an overview of precision farming, discussing its historical evolution, key technologies, benefits, challenges, and potential regulatory questions. The adoption of precision farming practices holds promise for enhancing resource efficiency, increasing crop yields, and promoting environmental sustainability. Additionally, this paper delves into the economic, environmental, and social implications of precision farming, highlighting its potential to shape the future of agriculture. ]]>

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<category>ARTICLE</category>

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<![CDATA[ Agricultural Crises – Selected Legal Aspects of Drought ]]>

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<guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eual-2023-0002</guid>

<![CDATA[ The specific nature of agriculture, and in particular its natural conditions, imply the occurrence of specific risks leading increasingly to crisis situations. These result in agricultural producers being unable to cope on their own with worsening production and consequently living conditions, and in extreme cases abandoning agricultural activity. A recurrent negative phenomenon in recent years that causes many losses is drought. Its occurrence is a certain challenge for the legislator, who, by eans of specific legal norms, at least to a limited extent, can shape the existence of agricultural producers and protect them from abandoning agricultural activity. The aim of this article is to assess the legal norms adopted at EU and national level which affect agricultural producers in the context of the occurrence of drought. Furthermore, it aims to answer the question of whether and to what extent the legislator protects their livelihoods. The approach of the national and EU legislator with regard to the forms of support provided should be assessed positively. The national legislator, on the basis of the dispositions contained in the EU law, supports agricultural producers in the face of the occurrence of crisis situations, however, it should take into account the necessity of adopting additional, special solutions in this respect strengthening the livelihood of producers. ]]>

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<![CDATA[ New Legislation on the Lease of Agricultural Land by the Municipality ]]>

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<guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eual-2023-0003</guid>

<![CDATA[ On May 1, 2021, Act No. 151/2021 Coll., amending Act No. 504/2003 Coll. on the lease of agricultural land, agricultural business and forest land and on the amendment of certain laws as amended by later regulations, which amend Act of the Slovak National Council No. 330/1991 Coll. on land adjustments, arrangement of land ownership, land offices, land fund and on land communities as amended (hereinafter referred to as “Amendment No. 151/2021 Coll.”) entered into force. Amendment No. 151/2021 Coll. fundamentally changes the rules and obligations of the municipality as the owner of agricultural land when leasing agricultural land to other persons. The paper clearly explains the most important institutes related to the lease of agricultural land by the municipality and points out the new legal regime of the lease of municipal agricultural land effective from 1 May 2021. ]]>

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<![CDATA[ Implementation of Waste Management Program: Case Study of Self–Government Unit of Bački Petrovac in Serbia ]]>

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<guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eual-2022-0005</guid>

<![CDATA[ As part of the negotiations for EU accession, the Republic of Serbia through Chapter 27 (Poglavlje 27 u Srbiji: Napredak pod ključem(1)), has begun the process of establishing a waste management system and adapting it to the goals and acquis communautaire(2). The key document in Serbia that aims for environmental awareness is called the Waste Management Program of the Republic of Serbia. Followed by the Waste Management Program of the Republic of Serbia, the Regional Waste Management Plan for 2019–2028 has been created and is addressing waste management and establishing a Regional Centre in the city of Novi Sad for Waste Management. Furthermore, the Local Waste Management Plan for the self–government unit of Bački Petrovac has been adopted in May 2021. ]]>

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<![CDATA[ Legal Regulation of Unfair Trade Practices in Food Supply Chain ]]>

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<guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eual-2022-0001</guid>

<![CDATA[ Recent changes in concentration in the EU markets affected also the organisation of the food supply chains. These significant changes severely impacted especially small and medium–sized enterprises which are likely to be exposed to unfair trading practices. Imbalances in bargaining power between large and small enterprises lead to competition inequalities and unfair trade practices that need a specific legislation governance. This paper provides an overview of the Slovak and EU legislation regulating unfair trade practices in agro–food sector. The main aim of both the European and Slovak legal acts regulating unfair trading practices is to ensure protection and fair income for businesses and quality and wider choice for consumers. In addition, the article also brings the overview of the EU directive transposition to the legal framework of individual EU member states. ]]>

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<![CDATA[ Common Agricultural Policy in the EU and the Ministry of Agriculture in the Czech Republic with a Focus on Environmental and Consumer Protection and Support for Smes ]]>

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<guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eual-2022-0002</guid>

<![CDATA[ The common agricultural policy and the implementation of this policy represent a relatively high part of the costs in the EU budget. From this point of view, the content of the common agricultural policy is important to meet both the primary objective (production of agricultural products) and the secondary objectives (sustainable development, soil protection, consumer and environmental protection). ]]>

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<![CDATA[ An Overview of Selected Tools and Strategies for Agricultural Land Protection in Slovakia and the European Union ]]>

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<guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eual-2022-0004</guid>

<![CDATA[ Agricultural land, as a component of the environment, is one of the irreplaceable natural resources and, at the same time, through its functions, is an integral part of the quality of human lives. Several international institutions or scientists point to problems with land loss or decline in quality and, ultimately, to the increased need for soil protection, based on which governments implement various tools. The aim of the paper is therefore to compile a general overview of existing tools for the protection of agricultural land in Slovakia and to analyse selected strategies for land protection in the EU. The main source of information was represented by literary sources of publications by scientific researchers, Slovak and European bodies or institutions, and, last but not least, legal acts. The paper points to a wide range of existing tools and innovative strategies for the protection of agricultural land in Slovakia and the EU. ]]>

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<![CDATA[ Legal Aspects of the Quinoa Imports Into the EU ]]>

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<guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eual-2022-0003</guid>

<![CDATA[ Quinoa is known in the EU as superfood due to the high level of protein, fibre, micronutrients, and amino acids. It is come from South America; however, quinoa is currently grown in various parts of the world. Nevertheless, the domestic continent, especially countries such as Peru and Bolivia, is one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of quinoa. One third of Peru’s quinoa production is imported to European Union. Despite the conclusion of an agreement with Peru and Bolivia that eliminated quinoa tariffs, there are many legal regulations of the EU that affects import of quinoa into the EU countries including the food safety and quality, food labelling, organic labels and nutrition and health claims, food packaging and shipment. The article deals with the most important EU legal norms of quinoa imports that must be complied with when importing quinoa. ]]>

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