rss_2.0Sciendo RSS Feed for YBL Journal of Built Environmenthttps://sciendo.com/journal/JBEhttps://www.sciendo.comhttps://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/67669dd57306cc7e8721d259/cover-image.jpghttps://sciendo.com/journal/JBE140216https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-0021<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Hungary’s building stock, primarily constructed in the 19th and 20th centuries from traditional masonry, includes bricks of varying quality and material properties. Current renovation legislation mandates compliance with thermal requirements, but aged materials’ thermal properties are often unknown, complicating energy conformity verification. This research examined historical masonry bricks from 11 Hungarian brickworks from the early 20th century to create a database for better understanding and preserving historical buildings’ energetic performance. Thermal properties, including diffusivity, conductivity, and volumetric heat capacity, were determined using the modified transient plane source method, and density was tested. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the measured data. The findings provide essential data for building energy calculations and computational modelling of masonry constructions’ thermal performance.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-00212024-12-21T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-0017<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Modernism, the defining style of twentieth-century architecture, entered a kind of moral crisis in the 1960s. From an ideological point of view it could no longer meet the demands of architecture and keep pace with the changes that were taking place in society. Thus the emergence of various trends critical of modernity. However modernist theory and design is fond of invoking anthropocentrism, it is in fact driven by technical efficiency. As a counterpoint, postmodern thinking begins to think differently about the host community and the relationship with it. This new approach has led to the emergence of conceptualism in the visual arts and very similar endeavours in architecture. By examining the characteristics of conceptual works, a set of criteria could be drawn up, with the central element being the involvement of the community - either as recipients, on a mental level, or by actually putting them in an active, creative position. This also entailed a questioning of the traditional institutional framework of architecture and a redefinition of the role of the architect. The aim of this paper is to analyse the levels of community activity and summarise their impact on conceptual architecture and design methodology through theory and case studies.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-00172024-12-21T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-0015<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This paper provides an overview of the potential use of Neuro-Fuzzy Systems (NFS) in safeguarding autonomous vehicles (AVs) against cyber-attacks. As innovative technology continues to permeate various aspects of daily life, the integration of advanced technologies, such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and fuzzy inference systems (FIS), holds promise for enhancing the security of intelligent transport systems. With the increasing prominence of autonomous vehicles and self-driving cars in smart city systems, it is imperative to address vulnerabilities that may compromise their security. Existing vulnerabilities, including insecure applications and data-gathering vulnerabilities, pose significant obstacles to the widespread adoption of this technology. The potential consequences of security breaches in autonomous vehicles, such as endangering the lives of individuals both inside and outside of the vehicle, underscore the critical need for comprehensive security measures. By leveraging NFS, this study explored the feasibility of mitigating cyber-attacks targeting AVs, thereby bolstering their security and resilience against malicious intrusions.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-00152024-12-21T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-0020<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>In 2019, the Research Institute of Art Theory and Methodology of the Hungarian Academy of Arts launched architectural research in Szekler Land. The aim of the project was to explore the context in which the new contemporary architectural trends, independent of the developments in Hungary but inseparable from the architectural and natural features of the local cultural landscape, emerged in Szekler Land in the first half of the 2000s. The research sought to explore the architectural-sociological background of the phenomenon and arrived at the conclusion that barns played a key role in the eco-regionalist shift in the contemporary architecture of Szekler Land. The study discusses the impact exerted by barns over time, while stating it as a thesis that barns became the catalysts in contemporary architectural aspirations because their details and solutions overlap with currently popular architectural solutions. Beyond barns being a source of inspiration regarding architectural forming, they have an indisputable urbanistic significance too: their position and scale provide examples of how new residential buildings, which are bigger than former peasant houses and which accommodate modern functions, can be placed in the rural tissue of villages. This means that barns have become valuable not only as an adoptable type and as an urbanistic organizational element but have also created an integral connection between the past traditions of form and popular trends in contemporary architecture.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-00202024-12-21T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-0019<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>A significant component that makes up civil engineering is structural safety. The safety of the structure depends on the bearing capacity of the soil. The soil may lose its bearing capacity for various reasons. Great numbers of methods have been developed to improve the bearing capacity of the soil. One of these is chemical stabilization by adding different additives to the soil. In this study, the effect of calcination in soil improvement was investigated. White Bayburt Stone, reserved in the Bayburt province of Turkey, was used in its natural state and as white Bayburt Stone calcined at 800 degrees. At rates of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, all kinds of additives were added to the soil, and their influence on the unconfined compressive strength was examined. Curing time of the samples was 7 days. The calcined additive material increased the compressive strength significantly at all ratios. While samples containing 20% White Bayburt Stone showed a 262% increase in strength compared to the natural soil, a 458% increase was detected in samples containing 15% calcined White Bayburt Stone compared to the untreated soil.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-00192024-12-21T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-0018<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The historical tenement building activity in the Hungarian capital reached its peak around the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, when, in a relatively short period, thousands of houses were built to meet tenant needs. These buildings, adorned with characteristic ornaments, are all unique; yet, they form a cityscape that is exceptional in size and has changed minimally in the past hundred and fifty years.</p> <p>The present study is part of a large-scale analysis aiming to define an architectural typology of the stock to support easier identification and understanding of their multi-faceted values, and to serve as a benchmark for future rehabilitation programs.</p> <p>In this paper, a style terminology of the buildings is specified based on results from previous literature and extensive field studies surveys.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-00182024-12-21T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-0016<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This paper presents laboratory investigations on clay bricks using the Schmidt hammer test to assess their properties. The study includes the standard compression test to establish the correlation between compressive strength and rebound value obtained from Schmidt rebound hammer test. Additionally, the GANN hydrometer is employed as a non-destructive method to measure surface moisture content. The research examines the influence of test location, surface type, surface moisture content, and surface cracks on the rebound value. The findings highlight the significant influence of these parameters on both rebound value and compressive strength. To address these effects, the study proposes empirical equations for estimating compressive strength based on rebound value, accounting for the various factors involved. Overall, this research offers valuable insights into understanding and predicting the behavior of clay bricks.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-00162024-12-21T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-0012<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Understanding the movements of crowds offers more and more opportunities in the field of architecture, in both active and passive methods of implementation.</p> <p>The study briefly describes crowd dynamics, the new field of research as well as the levels of investigation of human mass movements. Due to its expected large-scale spread, it particularly describes the need for and the possibilities of individual human body motion detection in retail facilities while emphasizing the architectural aspects of the rise of innovative commercial facilities. It details and compares the operational processes of modern-day queue-free “convenience” stores, Amazon Go with JWO technology, and Żabka Nano units operating according to AiFi, highlighting their architectural features.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-00122024-06-22T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-0008<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) sector is diverse. The industry’s market is run by businesses of different sizes, specialties, and subordinations, and each active company indirectly participates in adding value to the sector. This paper focuses on the functional distribution of local AEC firms in Southern Hungary, mainly in the South Transdanubia region. The work systematically gathers data about multidisciplinary AEC firms based in the region, introduces the main activities of the collected companies, and reveals the potential AEC divisions, by analyzing the popularity, net revenue, and number of employee factors for each professional division within the industry at the studied region.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-00082024-06-22T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-0013<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Urban housing typologies refer to different ways of designing and constructing various types of housing that exist in urban areas. They can be classified by function, form, shape, construction type, and materials. Several residential building models, typologies, and different solutions have emerged with the aim of solving the problems arising from overpopulation. Some of these have succeeded, while others have failed miserably. As the twenty-first century progresses, the world is facing major housing and environmental challenges; the increase of the population and the lack of resources and housing areas constitute a direct threat to human wellbeing, and to the “health” of the planet. This has already started to have a major effect on architecture in general, and on housing design in particular, with new sustainable models and typologies. This paper focuses on the historical development of urban housing, and investigates its shaping factors, and the most important theories and movements which had an impact on urban housing. Furthermore, the paper asks questions about what is driving change in contemporary urban housing design, and what the new directions in the field are, searching for solutions on demand. It also investigates urban housing typologies and classifications and their relations to the surrounding built environment.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-00132024-06-22T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-0003<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>As a highly interdisciplinary subject, architecture is influenced by many natural and social science subjects. Although seemingly distant from architecture, biology is currently a scientific field that fits into design practices that have evolved and shifted towards a new hybrid framework. Architecture is a complex negotiated cultural practice that encompasses all aesthetic, technical, economic, and political issues of social production itself. For architects, the integration of academic knowledge and design practice can be a difficult activity to define, but it can be the intellectual fuel that drives innovation and growth in architectural practice. The relationship and connection between architecture and nature have generated many questions, criticisms, and solutions. Today, a new form of design was introduced a few years ago, forcing the modern man to be inspired by decades of natural processes, but whose true potential has only recently been revealed.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-00032024-06-22T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-0011<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Nowadays, the damaging effects on humanity, such as extreme weather caused by climate change, the pandemic-induced isolation, or the drastic increase in the cost of energy carriers, etc., have led to the need to change the design of our buildings. The need to design buildings for safety, prevention and sustainability requires a change in our design thinking.</p> <p>The damaging effects of these extremes all have an impact on the fire safety situation of a building. The conclusions of fire investigation procedures suggest that a disorderly state of the built environment typically develops prior to fire starts.</p> <p>As stated above, the researchers are investigating the degree of orderliness in the research, for which they are using network science methods. Based on the hypothesis, tidiness is also an aesthetic value, whose high level of appearance determines the appropriate fire safety situation.</p> <p>The high aesthetic value of architectural fire protection correlates with the degree of orderliness, i.e. it is a significant determinant of the long-term sustainable stable fire safety situation of a building.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-00112024-06-22T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-0010<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Architecture - both urban and building scale - always strongly reflects the current social and cultural context. This is of course no different today: the topics that currently define our world - climate change, sustainability, environmental protection, housing poverty... - strongly influence design, sometimes with the stringency of legislation, sometimes as a matter of conscience. Within the framework of the architectural education in Debrecen - student assignments and departmental projects - we often seek answers to the question of what other professional approaches can be found, which could even show an alternative to the current engineering and technological answers that are so intensively present in everyday life. This is one of the ways we think about sustainability, where our primary objective is to show the hidden values and reserves of existing places - buildings, urban spaces - and how currently under-used situations can serve new functional needs with small-scale interventions without significant investment.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-00102024-06-22T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-0007<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Notwithstanding its potential advantages, adaptive reuse has grown in popularity as a sustainable development strategy across the globe. There is a shortage of studies on the methodology and results of adaptive reuse projects in the Middle East. Erbil Citadel’s Houses is a special kind of conservation and adaptive reuse Project.</p> <p>The Middle East, particularly in conflict-affected areas, has received very little research on the methodology and results of adaptive reuse projects. The challenge this research attempts to solve is how to preserve historical sites like the Erbil Citadel houses using adaptive reuse as a sustainable development method. This paper tries to answer what are the key aspects of adaptive reuse as a sustainable strategy for historic structures. By analyzing the difficulties and opportunities related to adaptive reuse to address this gap. The findings from this research can help establish best practices for adaptive reuse in comparable situations and guide the formulation for sustainable development in Middle east areas.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-00072024-06-22T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-0004<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The first part of the article discusses the natural environment of humans and its evolution over the past centuries. It examines the changes that have occurred in just the last 100 years and how they have impacted human habitats. It explores how architects and engineers shaping our settlements have influenced the environment, as well as how the model developed during economic growth affects and presents challenges to our society, particularly regarding the interconnection between climate change and the development of our cities.</p> <p>The second part of the writing addresses the issue of megacities, exploring where the almost endless growth of our metropolises has led, the problems it causes, the differences observed between the growth of megacities in developed and developing countries, the reasons behind it, and the additional difficulties it poses to their residents.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-00042024-06-22T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-0006<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Design methods must also be improved in order to reduce energy costs and environmental impact. When designing pile foundations, the costs and environmental impact of construction are far from being irrelevant.</p> <p>At present, the most widely accepted method for determining the load capacity is the pile load test, which is considered the most realistic result, and therefore great emphasis should be placed on ensuring that these are evaluated as effectively as possible. By replacing the pile load test, its environmental impact and cost could be avoided. The aim of our research is to estimate a mathematical function that, from the wide range of soil physical and/or mechanical parameters, gives a formula that can be used to plot the curve without the need to produce a pile load test. By showing the relationship between different soil parameters and load capacities. In order for this to be possible later with a new theory, we examined the feasibility of this by evaluating the results of several measurements.</p> <p>Climate change will also bring a transformation in the course of planning, because there may be changes in the load capacity on the soil and the use of materials. Soil composition and structure will also be affected by warming. The environmental impact of building materials and increased costs demands also bring about changes in the design of pile foundations.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-00062024-06-22T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-0009<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Environmental education is not aligning with the sustainability and educational needs of the 21st century. Design-based learning emerges as a viable solution, fostering problem-solving and experiential learning in the environment. With its constructivist approach, it has the potential to improve environmental literacy across diverse social contexts. This research explores the use of research by design and design-based learning to develop extracurricular programs in schools in Brazil and Hungary. The analytical framework is developed through a literature review and systematic case analysis. The program’s objective is to engage the school community in redesigning their environment, following the design-based instruction framework, and incorporating the community’s context and landscape architecture and design principles. Program efficacy will be assessed through participant production, outcome analysis, observation, surveys, and performance on the design activities. The findings will contribute to understanding and evaluating program effectiveness in improving environmental education.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-00092024-06-22T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-0001<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Modelling concrete columns confined with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) using finite element (FEM) analysis is a difficult task due to the need for precise definition of material and interaction parameters. The inclusion of FRP confinement in composites introduces complexities in representing the volumetric behavior of concrete under triaxle stress conditions. The behavior of confined concrete differs from that of non-confined concrete due to the passive nature of FRP confinement, requiring consideration of flow rules, damage parameters, strain hardening/softening constitutive relationships, and a pressure-dependent yield criterion. This project aims to address these challenges by proposing a modified plastic damage model, a concrete dilation model, and a new set of concrete hardening/softening rules using the advanced FE program ABAQUS CAE. The FE model’s strengths and limitations are evaluated by comparing it with experimental results from this project, as well as other findings from literature, including both experimental and analytical studies.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-00012024-06-22T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-0005<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Everything in the world is about risk, from individual decisions to global manipulations, which is of fundamental importance in a nuclear power plant environment. The question is whether, in a given situation, this risk is acceptable or no longer acceptable. In some respects, the risk analysis applied to construction projects differs from the risk analysis applied to nuclear installations. For nuclear installations, the risk as such is primarily nuclear risk. In view of this, for investments involving a nuclear installation, the risk analysis to be carried out must be carried out at two separate levels. The first level is the traditional construction risk analysis, and then as a second level, each risk item should be classified from a nuclear risk point of view. In this study, the nuclear exposure of construction risks will be presented.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-00052024-06-22T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-0002ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jbe-2024-00022024-06-22T00:00:00.000+00:00en-us-1