rss_2.0Sciendo RSS Feed for Geologoshttps://sciendo.com/journal/LOGOShttps://www.sciendo.comhttps://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64723d49215d2f6c89dc1413/cover-image.jpghttps://sciendo.com/journal/LOGOS140216https://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.2.14ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.2.142024-09-05T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.2.16ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.2.162024-09-05T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.2.15ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.2.152024-09-05T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.2.13ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.2.132024-09-05T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.2.10<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This work provides a review of the state of knowledge of woolly rhinoceroses in Poland. We compile research results from the 19th century to the present day and consider the collected data not only quantitatively, but above all qualitatively. Here we present a list of 215 sites from Poland where the remains of the woolly rhinoceros have been found. Studies of woolly rhinos from Poland usually employ small samples. Our compilation of data also reveals that there is currently no basis for drawing conclusions regarding the geographical distribution pattern of the species in Poland. Only a small number of works have focused on matching the places where remains occurred with the geological conditions of the area and their depositional history. Moreover, the results show that the resolution of the radiocarbon dates that are currently published is insufficient to allow conclusions about the chronology of woolly rhinoceroses in Poland to be drawn. No works to date have dealt with any aspect of palaeopopulation research. The woolly rhinoceros is not present in Palaeolithic art in Poland. A summary of our knowledge of this taxon is the starting point for our multi-aspect research into this topic.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.2.102024-09-05T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.2.08<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>A quarter of a century ago, during cartographic works using then-known field methods for measuring structural features, on the boundary of the Sudetic and Fore-Sudetic blocks, new phenomena were recognised; these were interpreted to be tectonic in nature and the result of left-lateral strike-slip movement in the subsurface. Grabens, half-grabens, shear zones and seismites in the gold-bearing sands and gravels that form the slopes of the valley of the River Kaczawa, are estimated to be of Pliocene and early Pleistocene age, having been interpreted as deposits of the pre-Kaczawa alluvial fan system. The natural exposures documented 25 years age have now all disappeared. In 2022, these levels became exposed again as a result of renewed gravel exploitation and phenomena described in the past reappeared. Field measurements were made again, this time using modern data-recording techniques, such as photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning. This work has enabled a comparison of field measurement methods with those obtained from the point clouds data. The results were found to be highly consistent. At the same time, precise reconstructions of the structures and their connection to the geodetic reference system make it possible to supplement previous geokinematic interpretations for this segment of the Sudetic Marginal Fault Zone (SMFZ). A formerly postulated left-lateral strike-slip regime in this zone was confirmed during the period of formation of the pre-Kaczawa alluvial fan deposits, but also probable is a kinematic inversion that must have occurred during, or just after, the early Pleistocene.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.2.082024-09-05T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.2.11<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The Tighardine area in the Western High Atlas Massif is composed of rocks ranging in age from Neoproterozoic to Cenozoic. The area is intensely deformed with a multidirectional diversity of faults and also hosts a polymetallic ore deposit (Tighardine mine) and prospects of significant economic value, some of which are related to fault structures. In order to identify favourable areas of mineral deposition, structural and mineralogical mapping using satellite images was conducted in this region. For this purpose, various remote sensing approaches were employed on images from Landsat 8 OLI, Sentinel 2 and ASTER sensors. The process started with lineament extraction methods so as to identify faults manually from satellite images. Principal component analysis (PCA) and the optimal indexing factor (OIF) were used to achieve good discrimination of lithological units. Additionally, several band ratios were applied to ASTER, Landsat 8 OLI and Sentinel 2, in order to derive multiple maps corresponding to hydrothermal alteration zones. Analysis of the results from the obtained maps and their overlay with field data has allowed us to: (i) identify three main structural orientations. The most frequent and longest is the NE–SW direction, which coincides with the principal mineralised horizon of the Tighardine deposit. Results suggest an extension of this horizon towards the south-west at the Ait Zitoune and towards the west in the Ait Hsayn region. Two new fault set has been identified by remote sensing: NW-SE fracture, generally of Mesozoic-Cenozoic age, and an E-W fractures trend, particularly developed in the Neoproterozoic basement and considered of Ediacaran age; (ii) highlighting two potential mineralisation zones: in the Ediacaran basement, revealing alterations of silica, dolomite, clay minerals, iron oxide and alunite-kaolinite-pyrophyllite, hosting the main mineralisation axis (Tighardine mine); in the northern part corresponding to the overthrust zones of Cambrian onto Cenozoic formations.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.2.112024-09-05T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.2.12<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Mineralogical and geochemical studies of the Abakaliki Shale have been undertaken in order to constrain source rock composition and palaeoweathering conditions, as well as to deduce the provenance terrane types. The mineralogical analysis using X-ray diffraction has revealed an abundance of quartz and clay minerals (illite, chlorite and illite/smectite mixed layer) with a minor content of albite and gypsum. Geochemical data have demonstrated a depletion in SiO_2, MnO, Y, Zr, Hf, U, Y, Cu, Ni, V, Ba and Cr and an enrichment in Rb, Sr, Th, Sc, Co, Zn and Pb in the Abakaliki Shale in comparison to the Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS; a proxy for the upper continental crust). Rare earth element contents generally show LREE fractionation and enrichment (La<italic>N</italic>/Yb<italic>N</italic> = 16.08–35.75 and La<italic>N</italic>/Sm<italic>N</italic> = 3.61–6.16, respectively) with a strong negative Europium anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.56–0.73). These geochemical characteristics suggest that the provenance of the Albian Abakaliki Shale lay in ancient upper continental crust composed mainly of felsic basement rocks with a minor contribution from mafic rocks. This is in contrast to earlier studies which suggested possible contribution of mafic components from Jurassic volcanigenic terrane as source rocks of the Albian shale in the southern Benue Trough. Moderate chemical weathering of the source rocks with mixed granite-granodiorite compositions is indicated by the value of the chemical index of alteration (average CIA 76.60); the plagioclase index of alteration (average PIA 85.20) and the index of compositional variability (average ICV 0.88), as well as by the Rb/Sr (0.32–0.92), K/Rb (125.36–193.55) and K/Na (1.13–2.70) ratios.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.2.122024-09-05T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.2.09<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Strong aggradational tendencies during the late Pleni-Weichselian have been noted in river valleys in central Europe. Thick series of mineral deposits were laid down, but also organic or mineral-organic horizons were formed under favourable conditions. The study area is located in the central section of the valley of the River Warta within an extraglacial area of the last glaciation. At the Warenka site alluvia, that attain thicknesses of 16 m, were analysed. Lithofacies analysis, OSL dating of mineral sediments and radiocarbon dating of organic and mineral-organic strata were performed. Organic and mineral-organic deposits were also subjected to pollen and Cladocera analyses. Together this set of analyses was used to determine fluvial processes and environmental conditions during the late Pleni-Weichselian. The results obtained allow the conclusion that these levels were deposited in the sedimentary environment of a low-energy, sand-bed braided river, which operated in the period from approximately 30 to 24 cal kBP – the late Pleni-Weichselian. During this time, there were periods when shallow water bodies were formed on the valley bottom, where deposition of organic material was possible. The presence of this type of sediment made it possible to reconstruct the vegetation cover; this had the character of a steppe-tundra, periodically shrubby steppe-tundra. Short-lived reservoirs were characterised by shallow-water settings with weakly developed vegetation and temporary influence of floodwaters as indicated by changes in cladoceran assemblages. Pollen spectra, low concentration of cladocerans, as well as the presence of the cold-tolerant Cladocera taxa are indicative of cold climatic conditions.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.2.092024-09-05T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.1.03<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The present study discusses the outcome of palynlogical and palaeobotanocal investigations of Middle Jurassic strata of the Tabas Block. The most commonly identified spore type is a trilete spore, <italic>Klukisporites</italic>, which accounts for 30 per cent, and the genus <italic>Ischyosporites</italic> which makes up 12 per cent of the spore collection. Plant fossils recovered from the borehole studied are indicative of a varied assemblage, starting with a diverse range of ferns and followed by Cycadophytes, Ginkgophytes and Coniferophytes. The predominance of the Lowland group in the Tabas Block during the Bajocian–Bathonian, as indicated by the Sporomorph EcoGroup (SEG) and Plant EcoGroup (PEG) models, suggests that the strata studied were laid down mainly in a lowland environment. Dinoflagellate cysts were found in locations that correspond to river and coastal ecogroups, hinting at marine influence.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.1.032024-05-26T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.1.06ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.1.062024-05-26T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.1.07ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.1.072024-05-26T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.1.02<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Many have tagged the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis (YDIH), a supposition, lacking convincing evidence in support. The core of criticism lies squarely on uniformitarianism, that is, uniform processes moving uniformly with no room for catastrophic events, specifically cosmic catastrophic forces. Beyond philosophically based aversion to the YDIH, specific criticism comes from megafauna and archaeologic corners, related to the near coeval disappearance of specific Late Pleistocene species on the one hand, and relation to disruption and temporary disappearance of the Clovis people et al. on the other. The Younger Dryas geologic paradigm, originally in place with meltwater release into the Atlantic in tow, attention slowly drifted to explanation of an innocuous looking, thin (~1–3 cm), black sediment bed found in lacustrine and fluvial deposits of the American southwest, and other intercontinental places. Thus, with thin dark beds of Gubbio in mind, the quest to explain black mat (BM) beds took on a cosmic aspect, one with growing, supporting evidence on several continents. The impossible hypothesis, now the probable explanation of the Younger Dryas climatic reversal, is at center stage, set at 12.8 ka, with a burgeoning corpus of evidence its cornerstone.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.1.022024-05-26T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.1.01<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>In the northern part of the Marrakech High Atlas (MHA), along the southern Variscan segment of the Western Meseta, a Variscan granitic intrusion crops out, intruding metasediments and meta-volcanosedimentary rocks of Early Cambrian to Ordovician age. A new whole-rock Rb-Sr isochron age of 268 ± 9 Ma for the granite, combined with a previously published whole-rock Rb-Sr radiometric dating (271 ± 3 Ma), reveals a post-kinematic (tectonic) character with regard to the main Variscan deformational event, belonging within the tectonic context of the Moroccan Variscan orogenic belt. Geochemically, the Azegour intrusion is metaluminous to peraluminous and exhibits a calc-alkaline affinity with a ferruginous composition. The massif shows an extremely differentiated character (SiO₂ = 77.53–78.14 per cent), K₂O and high total alkali contents, FeO_t/(FeO_t + MgO) and Ga/Al ratios, which have typical characteristics of an A-type granite. In addition, the granite contains high concentrations of LREE (La_N/Sm_N= 7.9–13.67) relative to HREE (La_N/Yb_N= 4.81–11.61) and a well-defined Eu negative anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.44–0.75). The granitic samples exhibit a strong enrichment of the most incompatible elements (Rb_N/Yb_N = 69.84–159.98) and a strong depletion of Ba, Sr, Eu, Nb, P and Ti. These characteristics are similar to those of A₁-type granites. The absence of mineralogy typical of an S-type granite, combined with its weakly peraluminous character [A/CNK (molar Al₂O₃/CaO+Na₂O+K₂O) = 1,013–1,045], suggest that there is little or no significant involvement of supracrustal sources in the petrogenesis of the intrusion studied. Despite the strongly differentiated character of Azegour granitic rocks samples, their multi-element patterns shows many similarities to those of I-type granitoids, which has led to postulate that the parental liquids of A₁-type were derived from partial melting of mafic magmas. The representative samples studied show less depleted εNd_{(t = 270 Ma)} values of −0.94 to −4.85 and lower positive to slightly negative εSr_{(t = 270 Ma)} values of −1.45 to 9.32. The isotopic data suggest that the Azegour granite was emplaced 270 myr ago, apparently generated by partial melting of a mafic/intermediate magma source in the lower crust as a result of the underplating of the asthenosphere mantle-derived Oceanic Island Basalt-like magmas. Alternatively, their isotopic signatures also can be attributed to the interaction and/or hybridisation of basaltic liquids derived from the mantle with these lower crust materials. The generated parental magma probably occurred at deep structural levels and involved fractional crystallisation processes by the separation of a mineralogical association composed of plagioclase + potassium feldspar ± biotite ± amphibole ± sphene ± apatite. The whole-rock Rb-Sr age of 268 ± 9 Ma, whole-rock geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of εNd_{(t = 270 Ma)} and εSr_{(t = 270 Ma)}, combined with fieldwork data, suggest that the Azegour granite was emplaced during the later stage of compressional Variscan events in the MHA.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.1.012024-05-26T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.1.05<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Two serpulid species, <italic>Protula</italic>? <italic>antiquata</italic>? and <italic>Propomatoceros</italic>? sp., are recorded from the Morelos Formation (mid-Cretaceous) in Mexico. Serpulid tube structure is microcrystalline; the examined tubes are slightly diagenetically altered, but growth layers are well preserved. The short, straight growth layers with slightly curved distal ends in <italic>Protula</italic>? <italic>antiquata</italic>? occur also in some other serpulids such as the genus <italic>Josephella</italic>. The Mexican serpulid tubes are of a calcitic composition. The diversity of the present serpulid association is low for shallow tropical seas of the Cretaceous in comparison to rich assemblages recorded from Europe. The low diversity presumably results from some local environmental conditions such as rapid sedimentation and low nutrient content of sea water.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.1.052024-05-26T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.1.04<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>A small trilobite faunule consisting of Weberides mucronatus (M’Coy, 1844) and Waribole sp. is described from Serpukhovian (Upper Mississippian) strata of the Sribne-Krasnograd Zone in the Dnipro-Donets Depression (north-eastern Ukraine). Weberides mucronatus has previously been recorded from Serpukhovian levels in the Donets Basin and in the Lviv Palaeozoic Trough in Ukraine, whereas species of Waribole are here recorded from Carboniferous deposits of Ukraine for the first time. This genus is typical of faunal assemblages of the Mississippian-aged Kulm facies, formed under relatively deep-water marine conditions and widely distributed across western and central Europe.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2024.30.1.042024-05-26T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2023.29.3.17<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The studied crevasse-splay complex, situated within the 1^st Mid-Polish lignite seam (MPLS-1), ranks amongst the best-developed and most readily accessible for direct research of all hard coal and lignite occurrences worldwide. The sandy-coaly sediments constituting it required a number of field and laboratory tests. However, the present article focuses solely on sedimentological and statistical analyses of sediments along a selected key section, the most important results of which are presented below. First of all, data obtained in previous sedimentological studies have been confirmed, in that individual segments of this complex represent both subaerial and subaqueous types of crevasse splays. On the one hand, their sediments are characterised by an extremely high content of coalified organic matter, reaching 20–40 wt.% in some samples; on the other, these crevasse splays are composed of fine sands with a median and mean grain size of 0.15 mm. In addition, the remaining statistical parameters (standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis) indicate a very good sorting of these sands, no significant so-called ‘tails’ and a better sorting close to the sediment mean grain size value, respectively.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2023.29.3.172023-12-29T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2023.29.3.18<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Jenny’s soil formation equation places soil morphogenesis as a response to climate (cl), biota (o), relief (r), parent material (p), and time (t), written thus: s= <italic>f</italic> (cl, o, r, p, t…), where each variable is considered independent. Because some soils and paleosols contain cosmic impact/airburst evidence, recent soil morphogenesis research requires a rewritten equation: s= <italic>f</italic> (cl, o, r, p, t, <bold>c</bold>…<bold>)</bold>, where c = cosmic. This addition serves to alert researchers to the presence of cosmic input to soils under investigation as part of geological and geomorphological projects. In particular, research targeting the cause of the Younger Dryas Climatic Divide (YDCD) might focus only on pollen in European glaciolacustrine sediments, reversal of the marine thermohaline circulation in the N. Atlantic Ocean, and possible reversal of postglacial warming at the Allerød termination (12.8 ka), when a search for cosmic grains may change the research outcome. Hence, the importance of the ‘c’ addition to Jenny’s factor analysis of soil morphogenesis.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2023.29.3.182023-12-29T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2023.29.3.20ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2023.29.3.202023-12-29T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2023.29.3.19ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.14746/logos.2023.29.3.192023-12-29T00:00:00.000+00:00en-us-1