rss_2.0Sciendo RSS Feed for Mining Revuehttps://sciendo.com/journal/MINRVhttps://www.sciendo.comhttps://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647249e0215d2f6c89dc3102/cover-image.jpghttps://sciendo.com/journal/MINRV140216https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-0020<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>In the field of mining, one of the exploitation methods that is still the most used in rock salt, potassium, and magnesium salt deposits is the method with the room and abandoned pillar. The salt mining method with rooms and pillars represents a unique spatial system for which the establishment of an optimal correlation between the parameters of the room, pillar, and rock massif is required in any given situation. Thus, the dimensioning of the most requested element in the system is followed, and depending on its parameters, the other parameters of the system are established. Considering the exploitation method with rooms and pillars, the pillars are certainly the elements that are subjected to the greatest loads. In the situation where the deep exploitation of salt is done with square pillars, the evaluation of the optimal parameters of the elements of the exploitation system requires: establishing the loads that appear in the surrounding salt massif (the natural stress state); the qualitative-quantitative determination of the way of distribution of the secondary stress state in the pillars; evaluating the bearing capacity of the pillars; and establishing their geometric elements. Solving this problem can be achieved by different methods: based on the theory of limit equilibrium, taking into account the effective stress in the pillars; methods of the mechanics of the continuous system based on the analytical models for evaluating the secondary stress and deformation state of pillars and floors; and numerical methods combined with the results and measurements from the laboratory and in situ tests. A methodology based on the pillar–room–salt massif interaction principle was proposed for the analytically achievable stability exploitation system of rock salt by the dry method as the depth increased. Applying this method, the secondary stress-deformation state in the pillar can be established by taking into account the rheological behaviour of the salt, changing the pillar shape, and the extraction technology. The presented algorithm can be extended in the field of exploitation, where the room and pillar exploitation methods are used.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-00202023-09-29T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-0026<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Noticing the increase in attention given by legislation and national practice to the assessment of occupational health and safety risks of a chemical nature, the article summarizes and explains the results of the research carried out from this perspective in a waste water treatment/purification station. By resorting to a well-established method, especially on the European level, the risks for the safety and health of workers (from the perspective of inhalation and skin risks), fire-explosion risks and environmental risks were evaluated. Based on the results obtained, a preliminary, but extremely necessary and useful, diagnosis of the magnitude of these specific risks was made and - on this basis - prevention/protection measures were proposed which, once implemented, can lead to the minimization of the risk levels associated with the identified hazards specific to the three analysed vectors. Beyond the concrete results of an applied nature, the growth of which the synthesis is systematized can serve as a good practice guide for numerous practitioners in the field of safety and health at work in Romania, in order to increase the efficiency of chemical risk assessments and - implicitly - the effectiveness of mitigation measures for this risk so widespread in industrial activities, processes and operations.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-00262023-09-29T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-0022<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Industrial recovery is a very important issue and a useful way to replace the degraded land, industrial objectives and to reuse the abandoned sites. It’s important to use a model of including the abandoned industrial territories in the local economic circuit and to integrate these constructions and landforms in the urban network.</p> <p>This paper wants to highlight the economic potential of aquatic ecosystems developed on degraded lands, using a rapid method of impact assessment and to show that nature has the ability to recover in a new shape useful for human society.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-00222023-09-29T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-0023<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The paper presents the direct and indirect mechanism of action of different types of microorganisms in the process of chemical-bacterial solubilization of sulfuric minerals. The discovery of some bacteria that favor the dissolution of metals, increasing the speed of the process up to 500,000 times, proved to be able to improve the parameters of hydrometallurgy and create new possibilities for its application in the recovery of useful elements from different minerals and waste. The mechanism of the chemical-bacterial mineral solubilization process does not proceed according to a unitary mechanism, but corresponds to different mechanisms depending on the nature of the metal, the nature of the ore, the microorganisms and the physical-mechanical conditions in which the bacterial culture acts.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-00232023-09-29T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-0025<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The geodetic points that form the national geodetic network cover large areas, and the accuracy of their determination is a function of the distances between them. In mining areas, a local geodetic network superior in precision to the national geodetic network is required. However, it is necessary to include the geodetic points that form the local network in the national geodetic network. The present work represents the methodology for solving the mentioned purpose.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-00252023-09-29T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-0021<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The long-term response and stability of underground mining works are crucial for ensuring the safety of workers, preventing costly accidents, and maintaining efficient operations. This is primarily due to the critical role these structures play in various industries, including mining, construction, and transportation. Understanding the long-term response and stability of such structures is an important factor for ensuring their durability and safety. Additionally, advancements in technology and engineering practices have allowed for more accurate assessments and predictions of long-term behaviour, leading to improved design and maintenance strategies. By examining the creep and relaxation behaviour, scientists can gain insights into the mechanical properties and stability of rocks under different conditions. The time-dependent experiments involve subjecting the rocks to varying rates of loading or deformation to understand their behaviour under different conditions. These methods provide valuable insights into the time-dependent properties of rocks, allowing researchers to better understand their response to various geological processes and engineering applications. This study was carried out in order to determine the rheological characteristics of the rock salt from Slanic Prahova mine, horizon XIV, and to analyse the local stability and the general stability of the resistance structures. The results of the experimentally determined rheological characteristics showed that the analysed salt has a pronounced tendency to creep, being able to be classified in creep category 5, which is a pronounced creep. The values obtained for the dilatancy threshold confirm the fact that salt is a material system that exhibits dilatancy.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-00212023-09-29T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-0019<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The national policies, in agreement with the European ones, in the energy sector, more specifically regarding the elimination of fossil fuels from the energy mix, also mean the elimination by the year 2035 of production capacities based on lignite and its replacement with natural gas or renewable sources. In this context, the lignite open pits in the Oltenia mining basin are to be closed, or at best put into conservation. Regardless of which option is chosen, one of the most important obligations of the mining operator is related to the ecological reconstruction of the mining perimeters. Thus, in the present paper, we have proposed to analyze the technical condition of Jilț North internal waste dump to ensure that the absolutely necessary stability conditions are met, before starting any type of actual ecological reconstruction works. For this purpose, the stability analyzes performed for the designed geometry of the dump at the end of productive activities are presented and a series of recommendations are made: to ensure the physical conditions necessary in the ecological reconstruction stage; regarding the choice of the type of ecological reconstruction; respectively the choice of species to ensure the success of the ecological reconstruction effort.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-00192023-09-29T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-0027<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Corrosion is accountable for numerous malfunctions and leakages in gas pipelines. In instances of external corrosion, due to the internal pressure within the pipes, stress concentrations can occur around the corroded areas. These, in the presence of cavities or cracks resulting from corrosion, may amplify the risk of pipeline failure. Consequently, as the wall thickness diminishes due to corrosion, the pipeline’s ability to withstand internal pressure declines. In the case of corrosion, the pressure at which a corroded pipe might collapse is significantly lower than that of an uncorroded one. Finite element modeling of corroded pipes with a defect is conducted using the Abaqus software, taking into account the mechanical effects of internal pressure on the gas pipeline structure. Abaqus facilitates the simulation of internal pressure and predicts the behavior of the pipe under pressure conditions.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-00272023-09-29T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-0024<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Indicators of: pH, temperature, conductivity, filtered residue at 105°C, suspended matter, ammonium, chemical oxygen consumption-CCOCr, chlorides, biochemical oxygen consumption - CBO5, sulfates, extractable substances with organic solvents, petroleum products, total iron, calcium, magnesium, sulfides and hydrogen sulfide. The excesses recorded in the sulfate and ammonium indicators in the phreatic waters within the unit premises and in the area of the slag and ash deposits are mainly due to natural causes and to a small extent to anthropogenic action. In accordance with the specialized literature, but also with the studies and research carried out, it is found that the exceedances recorded in the Oltenia area of the specified indicators are due to:- for ammonium (NH4+) - the primary conditions in the Pliocene basin for the formation of aquifer sand deposits; - for sulfates (SO42-) - washing by underground waters of lignite layers in which sulfides frequently appear, especially in the form of pyrite.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-00242023-09-29T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-0012<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Stone blocks, such as marble, granite, and sandstone, are natural materials with excellent properties. The most important dimension stone in Romania is Ruschita marble, a natural stone known for its resistance to wear and ability to maintain its natural beauty, regardless of its colour. Regarding colour palette, Ruschita marble stands out for its excellent quality to suit even the most demanding requirements. It is available in shades such as yellowish, orange, pale pink or pink, with a compact structure and characteristic veining. Ruschita is Romania’s most famous marble deposit, exploited since the end of the 19^th century. The quarry exploitation is conditioned by naturally occurring fractures and discontinuities, such as faults, joints, and fissures, precluding larger blocks excavating with more significant commercial value. This paper describes two largely used techniques for discontinuity investigation, namely the televiewer and scanline methods used at the Ruschita marble quarry.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-00122023-07-08T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-0010<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The exploitation of the XIV horizon, in two slices, across the entire mining perimeter of the Slănic Prahova Salt Mine until the end of 2059 will result in the amplification of surface subsidence, already affected by the mining operations of Victoria, Cantacuzino, and Old Mines. Systematic annual monitoring of ground deformation has been conducted since 2004 through geometric leveling along selected representative alignments, which were utilized to forecast the temporal evolution of surface subsidence and the impact of mining the XIV horizon. Furthermore, 3D numerical modeling was employed to estimate the subsidence and ground displacements.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-00102023-07-08T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-0016<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The purpose of this work is to describe the realization of a photogrammetric mapping work, i.e. the creation of a high-resolution orthophotoplan mosaic, as a support in the inventory of land parcels belonging to the public domain of a territorial administrative unit in the rural area, subsequent registration in the Integrated Cadaster and Land Registry System, with all related technical-legal aspects.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-00162023-07-08T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-0013<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The development of the system document models in the field of MR-PYRO was done taking into account the adaptation of the application requirements of this management system, to the organizational and work process particularities specific to the pyrotechnic field, but also with the requirements of the legislation in force in the field of occupational health and safety, namely Law 319/2006 on safety and health at work and the methodological rules for its application, as well as specific legislation (Law 126/1995 on the regime of explosive materials and the Technical Norms of application with subsequent amendments and additions). The scientific article offers an original perspective of solving the problem in the field of management system of pyrotechnic articles (MR-PYRO). The MR-PYRO.EXE 01 software application ensures the operational and procedural development of the MSSM system documents based on the analysis and evaluation of the particular way of occurrence of all aspects of occupational safety and health managed at the level of economic operators working in the field of pyrotechnic articles.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-00132023-07-08T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-0011<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>In the article, the authors present the approach of combining energy production systems, subsystems by obtaining specific advantages, facilitating the efficient conversion of resources subject to advanced energy-thermal treatment, and solutions are proposed for the creation of a “photovoltaic - other combining resources” matrix. obtaining the generational energy mix. The paper describes the endogenous economic growth through the knowledge of hybrid technological processes, the technical and technological changes in the field of energy, the relational implications in the field and advances the proposal of a hybrid energy system based on the mix of geothermal energy resources from closed coal mines) and renewable energy resources solar. Also, the breakdown of energy/geothermal heat sources recovered from galleries and long-front abattoirs as lots of a sub-system of energy production in a hybrid energy system based on the mix of geothermal mining and renewable solar energy resources is reported. The authors conclude that the addition of the “hydrogen production” sub-system to the hybrid energy system based on the mix of fossil and renewable energy resources represents extensive conceptual and operational specific development.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-00112023-07-08T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-0014<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The general safety rules applicable to high-risk industrial sites are based on both the 4 principles of working safely with explosive substances (knowing the risks, separating the risks, limiting the risks and overlapping safety devices), as well as the specific characteristics of the general and particular reports of explosion safety, together with the technical aspects related to the possible causes of explosion, the effects of explosion and safety distances, the protection against accidental triggering of the explosion, as well as the security in the field of explosive powders and pyrotechnic systems highlighting the limits related to the principle of pyrotechnic safety (knowledge, prevention and limitation of pyrotechnic risk).</p> <p>The scientific article offers an original perspective of solving the problem in the field of explosion risk generated when explosive materials are involved, taking into account acts of ill-will, using the working facilities of some dedicated software for its analysis and evaluation, and the results obtained are expressed in a technical manner integrated within the specialized IT application TERRORISK.EXE 01.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-00142023-07-08T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-0018<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The methodology of comprehensive risk assessment for natural disasters has been the subject of recent research. The risk assessment process is thoroughly explained and applied to geological hazards (such as landslides, earthquakes, and tsunamis) that have a potential for calamity. Obtaining a complicated risk level for a few geophysical and geological risks in northeast Bulgaria is the major goal. It has been done to clearly identify the many dangers, their effects, the elements at risk, exposure, and vulnerability, as well as to analyze the secondary events that were generated. For the first time in practice, a thorough risk assessment approach is used, and it incorporates the idea of risk perception. The methodology’s adaptability enables the presentation of the results as either a risk matrix or a risk profile. It depends on the tasks, challenges, and scientific puzzles that need to be solved as well as expert judgment. The outcome showed strong practical applicability and sustainability.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-00182023-07-08T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-0015<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Through this paper the project team aimed to demonstrate the utility and feasibility of using flights and photogrammetric methods in surface mining in mountainous areas. Thus, in the first part of the paper, the working principles, the applied methodology, the criteria for selecting the methodology, and the necessary resources are presented, and later the results obtained from the case study from the limestone quarry in Bistrița, Vâlcea are presented. At the same time, the environmental, relief and accessibility conditions in the mining perimeters were identified and practical recommendations were issued regarding the execution of a photogrammetric data acquisition flight in the surface mining operations in the mountain area. This paper indicates risk factors identified in quarries in the mountain area and offers practical solutions to avoid them.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-00152023-07-08T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-0009<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>India’s coal production has ramped up over the years in response to rising demand from the country’s booming energy market and other industries. We’ll inevitably have to rely heavily on the energy industry. About 66% of India’s energy needs are met by the country’s thermal power plants, with 53% of that total coming from coal. India relies on the coal industry despite the fact that it causes serious difficulties for the environment, pollutes water supplies, and degrades land. In the next few decades, India would be completely depleted of its coal deposits if the current output rate of extraction is maintained. In this work, we discuss how to make long-term use of non-renewable resources possible for future generations.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-00092023-07-08T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-0017<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Travertines are susceptible to fracturing/ cracking, making it difficult to extract large uncracked blocks of significant commercial value. In our study, we used the GPR – Ground Penetrating Radar and other geophysical methods (resistivity and seismic methods) to evaluate the degree of fracturing. Following the interpretation of the longitudinal and transversal GPR profiles, corroborated with the resistivities minima, led us to identify fractures and highly fracturing areas in the Carpinis quarry. In addition, using these combined methodologies and corroborating geophysical, geological, tectonic and geomorphological information creates the premises for an effective investigation of Carpinis quarry, which assists with optimising the mining process.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-00172023-07-08T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-0004<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Mining activities represent one of the main causes leading to subsidence in the natural and urban environment. Sustainable urban planning and detection of potential hazards in mining areas involve the use of adequate instruments such as the continuous monitoring of land subsidence. The complexity of urban environment demands the utilization of new methods for monitoring and quantifying the effects of the mining processes. In the last decades, considering the technological developments from the remote sensing domain, the Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) techniques offer the opportunity for early detection and continuous monitoring of subsidence in mining areas, including urban centers. Considering various parameters of mining subsidence monitoring, a review of several tens of studies realized in different mining sites, based on InSAR techniques, is presented. As mining subsidence in urban areas has a direct impact on the quality of life, the review is completed with demographic indicators assessment, followed by a study case on the dynamics of the population in an urban mining area from Romania, Ocnele Mari.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/minrv-2023-00042023-04-05T00:00:00.000+00:00en-us-1