rss_2.0Sciendo RSS Feed for Pielegniarstwo XXI wieku / Nursing in the 21st Centuryhttps://sciendo.com/journal/PIELXXIWhttps://www.sciendo.comhttps://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6472763b215d2f6c89dc8f42/cover-image.jpghttps://sciendo.com/journal/PIELXXIW140216https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-0026<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is an infl ammatory condition aff ecting over 25% of adults. Web/mobile technology off ers potential benefi ts in the treatment of KOA by improving access to care and reducing costs by utilising mobile devices for medical care and patient education.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> The study aims to answer the question of what needs, functional requirements and aesthetic preferences patients with knee osteoarthritis have and what barriers and facilitators there are when using an app-based therapy.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> We used a qualitative research design with in-depth interviews with 20 patients.</p> <p><bold>Results and conclusion.</bold> Interviewees emphasized that effective KOA management apps must address diverse patient needs, ensure accessibility, offer customizable features, provide comprehensive information and self-management tools, support pain relief, enable remote monitoring, integrate with support communities, and be cost-efficient. These apps should combine functional requirements, such as a simple user interface, integration with wearable devices, educational content, exercise guidance, pain management tools, remote consultations, community support, and feedback mechanisms, with aesthetic preferences for clear, accessible design, large fonts, high-contrast colours, suitable interactive elements, consistent layout, guiding animations, and accessibility features like text resizing, voice commands, and audio descriptions. In conclusion, this study underscores the necessity for KOA management apps to integrate diverse functional requirements and aesthetic preferences, ensuring accessibility, customization, comprehensive information, and support features to enhance usability, effectiveness, and patient satisfaction.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-00262024-09-13T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-0025<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> Evaluation of nurses’ job satisfaction and the interconnectedness of the infl uence of dimensions of organizational climate.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> The study was conducted in 2022 among 300 nurses working in fi ve hospitals in Lublin Voivodeship. Methodology focused on outcomes was employed, highlighting the signifi cance of factors related to the organizational environment in shaping “job satisfaction”. The research tool was the Organizational Climate Questionnaire by L. Rosenstiel and R. Boegel, adapted from the Polish version by K. Durniat.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Most respondents report a high 121 (40.3%) or relatively high 142 (47.3%) level of satisfaction with their profession. Only 37 (12.4%) nurses reported a low level. Factors contributing to decreased satisfaction included negative relationships with management, diminished importance of organizational procedures implemented by supervisors, insufficient time for direct patient care, failure to meet patient and family expectations, and inadequate compensation.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> Nurses’ job satisfaction depended on the overall organizational climate in the hospital and its components: the overall image of the organization, employees’ perceptions of their superiors’ leadership style, and various aspects of the work organization process, ways of structuring, division of tasks and the degree of control over their implementation.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-00252024-08-07T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-0024<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> This study aimed to determine the level of health behaviours and correlations with demographic variables of nurses and nurse practitioners.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> The research used a diagnostic survey method with a survey technique. The research tool used to collect data was a proprietary sociodemographic data questionnaire and a standardised questionnaire: Health Behaviour Inventory (HBI).</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Assessing the study group of nurses using the Health Behaviour Inventory, a mean score of 80.44±11.96 was obtained. The area of correct eating habits (mean 3.43±0.63) was rated highest by the respondents. Assessing the respondents using the HBI by subgroups, it was found that the largest group was those with average health behaviours of 44.2% (n=542). The group with the lowest percentage was high level health behaviour 18.1% (n=222).</p> <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> Some of the factors infl uencing health behaviors are consistent with the environment and type of work, and are therefore specifi c to nursing staff . The high level of proper eating habits is also infl uenced by positive civilization changes and higher social awareness of lifestyle, which was not the subject of in-depth research in this study. The low level of health practices is related to the specifi c nature of a nurse’s work in the context of working time and work system.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-00242024-07-06T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-0021<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> The study aimed to evaluate cognitive function status in community-dwelling seniors and to establish relationships between cognitive function and selected aspects.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> The research population consisted of 330 community-dwelling respondents over the age of 60. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Test (MoCA), anxiety symptoms – using the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI), and depression symptoms – using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Quality of life was assessed using the Older People’s Quality of Life – Brief version (OPQOL-BRIEF).</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> The average total score in the MoCA test was 26.2 points (SD = 2.3; min. 19; max. 30), and 63.7% of respondents scored within the norm. A lower average MoCA score was recorded in those who were diagnosed with depression (p = 0.012). The same was true for those who were diagnosed with anxiety (p &lt; 0.001). Signifi cantly worse MoCA scores were found in those who were no longer working (p = 0.027).</p> <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> Assessment of cognitive function in the elderly should not be underestimated in terms of the need for early detection of dementia. In addition to activities that may enhance cognitive function, there is a need to support activities in practice that focus on reducing the symptoms of anxiety and depression in the elderly.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-00212024-06-27T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-0022<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> Hospital health care of a patient represents a part of the patient’s “journey” through the healthcare system and as such is not delivered independently, but in a personalized integrated manner. To achieve a better outcome of personalized medical health care of patients in hospital, it is necessary to systematically transform the existing clinical pathways (CPs) into integrated clinical pathways (ICPs). The aim of the study was to investigate stakeholder’s perceptions of the content and barriers to transforming CPs into ICPs on the example of a general hospital in Slovenia. That is how we obtained microdata for systemic measures at the level of general hospitals in Slovenia.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> The cross-sectional study used a qualitative method with interviews and focus groups with patients, nurses, other healthcare workers and managers working in ICPs for chronic kidney disease and hip replacement in a typical Slovenian hospital.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> The results showed that ICPs could be divided into five basic phases. In all phases, additions to the existing CPs in order to turn them into ICPs were necessary, which was an additional burden, especially for the nurses.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> Personalized health care through ICPs is patient-centered, shorter, holistic, coordinated, continuous, of higher quality for patients and sustainably more efficient for providers.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-00222024-06-18T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-0023<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> The aim of the study was to show the degree of advancement of pain and social problems of medical employees.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> The study was conducted in one of the hospitals in Lesser Poland. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1.11.2021 to 31.01.2022. The study group consisted of 106 participants (93 (87.7%) women and 13 (12.3%) men) from hospital wards, emergency ambulance stations, administrative employees and an analytical laboratory. The Standardized Nordic Questionnaire in the Polish version – NMQ survey was used to survey employees. The survey was conducted during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and respondents were included in the research voluntarily.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Pain in the last 7 days was confirmed by 65% of the respondents, in more than 65% of the respondents the pain occurs during rest and sleep. In 64% of the subjects, pain was present on both sides of the body. The greatest pain was related to the lumbar spine in 54% of the respondents. The average pain is almost 5.35 on the Visual Analog Scale – VAS scale.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> The COVID-19 pandemic may have had a negative impact on the physical and mental condition of medical workers. Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders - WRMSD ailments are common and are a serious, constantly growing problem.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-00232024-06-18T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-0020<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> The aim of the study was to analyse the level of cultural intelligence and multicultural personality profile of novice nurses in Poland in the context of the increase of migration and refugee crises.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> A cross-sectional study of 234 novice nurses working in clinical, district or city hospitals was conducted. The Polish version of the Cultural Intelligence Scale and the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire were used. Statistica™ 13.3 software was used for analysis.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> The results indicate a moderate level of cultural intelligence and diversity in the levels of intensity of the multicultural personality traits. The highest levels were found in cultural empathy. A positive correlation was found between cultural intelligence and multicultural personality. The global dimension of cultural intelligence and its four domains were found to be related to three multicultural personality traits – cultural sensitivity, social initiative and open-mindedness.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> The study highlights the importance of cultural competence in healthcare and the need to strengthen it among novice nurses, especially amidst contemporary social changes and challenges associated with migration. The implementation of systematic training programmes aimed at increasing cultural competence among nurses is recommended to enhance and develop these skills.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-00202024-06-01T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-0018<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Consumerism refers to people who adopt attitudes characterised by unnecessary consumption and excessive accumulation of material goods, which are the most important, essential in life, and are a determinant of quality. Consumerism has brought noticeable positive effects in the area of health services due to the observance of patients’ rights, the provision of ever higher quality medical services, allowing the patient to decide on certain issues concerning their life and health, and the choice of doctor or medical facility.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> The aim of the work was to analyze the scientific literature on consumerism in health care.</p> <p><bold>Method.</bold> Scopus, PubMed databases and Google Scholar were searched in accordance with the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyzes (PRISMA 2020).Ultimately, 14 articles that met the inclusion criteria were included for detailed analysis.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Comprehensive, high-quality nursing care in a hospital, upgrading the skills of health care professionals and appropriate behaviour of medical staff contribute to the positive assessment of a particular facility, and thus attract other customers (patients) to use medical services.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-00182024-06-01T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-0019<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> The primary purpose was to map the opinions and experiences nurses acquired during the COVID-19 pandemic, identify significant problems that need to be addressed before the next pandemic, and determine the prestige of nurses before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> The design was descriptive and cross-sectional. A representative sample using sociological research methods was conducted using a non-standardized questionnaire. The sample of nurses was constructed using quota sampling; its structure corresponded to the composition of the overall nursing population in terms of age, sex, and region. The sample consisted of 1197 nurses.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> The most significant changes reported by nurses during this period include increased physical workload (89.6%), changes in social (88.4%), and personal lives (76.7%). According to respondents, the prestige of their profession increased during the pandemic compared to the period before the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the two-tailed t-test, the prestige of the nursing profession increased statistically significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses experienced increased physical stress and changes in their social and personal lives. However, the prestige of nurses increased due to their crucial role in the fight against the pandemic.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-00192024-06-01T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-0017<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> To explore the association of rationed nursing care and the level of teamwork from the perspective of nurses working in an acute care setting in Slovakia.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2022 and February 2023. Data collection was carried out using a set of questionnaires that involved the Basel Extent of Rationing of Nursing Care – Revised (BERNCA-R) and the Nursing Teamwork Survey (NTS) to explore the level of teamwork. The sample consisted of 206 nurses from three district hospitals from Slovakia.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> The mean score of the BERNCA-R was 2.11 (SD = 0.65) and for NTS, it was 3.64 (SD = 0.35). A statistically significant association was found between rationed nursing care and the level of teamwork, more specifically, Trust (r = -0.583), Team orientation (r = -0.381), Backup (r = -0.657), Shared mental model (r = -0.768), and Team leader (r = -0.535) and the overall score of the NTS (r = -0.174).</p> <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> These findings underscore the importance of addressing the phenomenon of rationed nursing care among registered and practical nurses to foster better teamwork and enhance patient care outcomes in acute care settings.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-00172024-05-24T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-0014<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> This study aimed to investigate how nursing students utilised the “DiagNurse” mobile app to assess patient health conditions during their clinical apprenticeships.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> This prospective, quasi-experimental post-test study included a convenience sample of 62 undergraduate nursing students. In the course of the work, they utilized paper-based measurement scales (first measurement) and the mobile app (second measurement) to assess patient health conditions during clinical practice. In total, 432 clinical condition assessments were performed on patients in the first measurement and 432 in the second measurement. Following the clinical assessment, two types of post-tests were employed to ascertain the usability of the mobile app: quantitative testing using the System Usability Scale and qualitative testing.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> The mean SUS score was 80.2 (SD 15.67). The majority of the students agreed that the utilisation of the mobile app to assess a patient’s health condition is faster (M=3.21) and more convenient (M=3.16) than the use of paper-based scales and questionnaires. On a 0–10 scale, the study participants rated it as “highly recommended” (M=8.03) for fellow nursing students or practicing nurses.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> Although the “DiagNurse” mobile app was considered a suitable tool for learning clinical patient assessment, the students also proposed some improvements to the app’s design.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-00142024-05-22T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-0016<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> Life satisfaction is an important driver of life and an important factor in the personal stability of a person. With the research, we wanted to find which of the holistic factors is most related to life satisfaction in old age.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> The research is based on the quantitative method of research, the method of description, compilation and causal non-experimental method. We used the survey technique. A total number of 656 older adults between the age of 65 and 98 participated in the survey. We obtained the data using various standardised measuring instruments. In order to determine the strength of the connection between holistic factors and life satisfaction in older adults, we used advanced statistical methods for the analysis of causal effects and conditional associations (propensity score methods).</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> We found that the most important factor for life satisfaction in older adults is the spiritual factor (R²=0.37) and the self-esteem index (R²=0.488) within it. The spiritual factor is followed by a psychological factor (R²=0.21), social factor (R²=0.19) and finally the physical factor (R²=0.05).</p> <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> Spirituality directs the lives of older adults and helps them to overcome various life problems. Since spirituality is a multidimensional concept, this research is an important starting point for further research in this field.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-00162024-05-22T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-0015<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> The main aim of the study was to test the Morse Fall Scale (MFS) in the Czech population of hospitalized patients and to determine the predictive validity of the scale by assessing its specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and cut-off points.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> The study was a prospective follow-up study. Ten acute and long-term care units in two selected hospitals participated in the study. The sample consisted of 4383 patients. To assess the patients’ risk of falls, the MFS was chosen. The patients were assessed on admission.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> The reliability of the Morse Fall Scale measured by Cronbach’s alpha was 0.484. Using a cut-off point of 35, the sensitivity was 61.1% and the specificity was 53%. The positive predictive value was 10.5% and the negative predictive value was 90.6%.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> Results of the study revealed only moderate predictive accuracy of the Morse Fall Scale.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-00152024-05-22T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-0012<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> The COVID-19 pandemic forced many teachers to switch from traditional face-to-face teaching to the use of various digital platforms in a short period of time. The research aimed to find out about teachers’ experiences of digital education at nursing faculties in four countries (Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia, Sweden) which participated in the Erasmus+ Digital Education in Nursing project.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> Qualitative research with semi-structured group interviews was used. A total of 28 nursing teachers participated. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed inductively, using qualitative content analysis. The interviews were analysed in accordance with the study aim by searching for codes which were grouped into subcategories and then into categories based on the similarity of the content.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Three important themes emerged from the analysis of the interviews: “conflicting feelings of teachers when switching to digital teaching”, “lack of digital competences”, “challenges for digital teaching in the future”.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> Rapidly developing digital technology provides new possibilities and support for both teaching and learning. The research identified the need for further development of the digital competences of teachers, who recommended that a hybrid teaching method is the best for the education of nurses, since certain skills cannot be acquired by students solely in a digital way.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-00122024-04-13T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-0011<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> This study aimed to scoping review the existing literature on the Safe Utilization of Skin-to-Skin Contact (SSC) for neonates in the delivery room, focusing on interventions to enhance newborn safety and to prevent sudden unexpected postnatal collapse (SUPC).</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> A comprehensive scoping review in line with PRISMA-ScR guidelines was conducted, by searching for scholarly articles published between 2011 and 2022 in scientific databases like ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and PubMed.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> From an initial pool of 1,011 articles, relevant and topical ones were identified and categorized into four thematic areas: Knowledge and Proficiency of Delivery Room Nursing Staff; Use of Assessment Tools and Surveillance Strategies; Organizational Aspects of Delivery Rooms; Maternal Education and Active Participation.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> To prevent SUPC-related issues, a holistic approach involving both clinical and mechanical monitoring is crucial, emphasizing maternal education and support from skilled nursing staff .</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-00112024-04-13T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-0013<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> The aim of the study was to compare the differences between young people’s perceptions of ageism in terms of professions: helping professions and non-helping professions.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> We collected data by the Fraboni Ageism Scale. Cronbach α represented a value of 0.87. We performed statistical processing in SPSS 25.0 and used the t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The data collection of the entire research sample lasted from December 2020 to March 2021. Our final research group consisted of 262 respondents (HP and NHP). The selection criteria were the consent of each respondent, affiliation to the faculty and the age limit of 18 years and over.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> HP are more inclined to help others and elderly. They have a greater degree of tolerance for older adults than NHP, which is confirmed by our results (the D2: Behavior attitudes; p=0.000 and in the D3: Affective attitudes; p=0.000)).</p> <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> For university students in preparation for their future profession, we can fundamentally influence their cognitive, affective and behavioral components of the perception of seniors. For these reasons, the evaluation of the perception of stereotypes (D1), separation (D2) and affective attitudes (D3) among students of different fields was important.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-00132024-04-13T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-0010<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> To investigate the moderating role of the completed year of study on the relationship between coping strategies and self-esteem among undergraduate nursing students.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> Data collection was carried out in June-December 2020. A convenience sample has been used. A number of 182 questionnaires have been included for the analysis. A questionnaire consists of two scales (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Brief COPE) and a metric.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> The lowest self-esteem presented nursing students who completed their second year of education (M=24.74; SD=4.97). A moderation effect of the completed year of education on the relationship between self-esteem and the self-blame coping strategy and between the level of self-esteem and use of emotional support coping strategy was found.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> The alarming results for students who completed the second year of study indicate the need for special attention and intervention among this group. Moreover, study-life balance should be promoted to deal with stress more effectively and to support students’ self-esteem.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-00102024-04-13T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-0009<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> The study aimed to identify the occurrence of medication administration errors in clinical practice.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> This was a direct observational study. The study included observing the medication administration process over three years in four hospitals in the Czech Republic. STROBE was used as a checklist.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> A total of 18,370 medication administrations to hospitalized patients were observed and recorded, including morning, noon, and evening administrations. The most common MAE was substituting a prescribed medication without the doctor’s consent, especially among nurses aged 35-44 (p &lt; 0.001). These MAEs involved giving a medication of diff erent strength than prescribed (p &lt; 0.001), giving the wrong medication (p &lt; 0.001), and giving a diff erent dose (p &lt; 0.001). Substitutions of MAEs occurred most often during morning medication administration (p &lt; 0.001).</p> <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> A critical fi nding of this study was the substitution of medications without a doctor’s consent. It has been found that MAEs were not uncommon in clinical practice, and factors such as the nurse’s age, overall length of clinical practice, education, and workplace interruptions played a role.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-00092024-04-09T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-0008<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> To analyse the attitudes of nursing staff towards patients with co-occurring alcohol problems.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> The study was conducted among 120 nurses working in a tertiary hospital in the Podbeskidzie region (Poland). A diagnostic survey was used with self-administered questionnaire as the research tool.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> The number of 93.3% of the respondents confirmed that they had addicts among their patients. The respondents believe that the education and social status of addicted patients (41.8%) and their gender (54%) are important in the way they are treated by medical staff and affect the quality of service provided. The attitudes and feelings of the respondents, when caring for patients with co-occurring alcohol problems, are most often negative or indifferent.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> In clinical reality, there is stigmatization and a rather unfavourable or indifferent attitude towards patients with an accompanying alcohol problem. Nursing staff find working with an alcoholic challenging and do not treat patients with co-existing alcohol use disorder on an equal footing with patients suffering from other disease entities.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-00082024-03-20T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-0007<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Sexology is defi ned as the scientifi c study of human sexuality, including its development, behaviour, functions and preferences. A lot of gynaecological problems are linked to sexual development. Development of the sexual organs is strictly associated with the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The aim of the study was to emphasize the importance of nursing care in sexual education on the example of masturbation of children.</p> <p>Paediatric and adolescent gynaecology is a multidisciplinary fi eld. Gynaecological problems among children and adolescents are often complex, both in terms of medicine and psychology, and require an interdisciplinary approach, including nursing care.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-00072024-03-15T00:00:00.000+00:00en-us-1