rss_2.0Sciendo RSS Feed for Technical Transactionshttps://sciendo.com/journal/TECHTRANShttps://www.sciendo.comhttps://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/65ec8953812d8816c96a57eb/cover-image.jpghttps://sciendo.com/journal/TECHTRANS140216https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024007<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This article focuses on the problem of local communities’ awareness of heritage values in terms of urbanism, architecture, and construction and the traditions of place within a historic town. To study this problem, the authors conducted qualitative and quantitative research using the questionnaire method. They were carried out in the area of two selected small historic towns located in southern Poland in the Małopolska region: Muszyna and Piwniczna-Zdrój. Their aim was to determine the level of awareness of the cultural heritage values of both towns among their inhabitants. The results of the research are expected to identify areas of real educational needs in terms of the knowledge and a sense of value of local monuments. The authors believe that social participation and involvement of local communities is essential in the process of protecting and caring for monuments of indigenous cultural heritage.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20240072024-08-29T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024006<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This article outlines research directions for the design of public spaces that encourage physical activity. The objective of research is to evaluate spatial and functional solutions of the selected spaces and to identify potential new forms of these spaces. The paper identifies the essential elements of well-functioning public spaces that promote health and well-being of local communities based on urban analysis and the Author’s own observations. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of location of facilities with diverse functions, scales, and levels of technological advancement, as well as the characteristics of the surrounding environment, in influencing and shaping the types of physical activity observed within these spaces. The results also highlight the complexity of issue addressed and indicate the need for further research into movement activity spaces.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20240062024-08-29T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024004<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The objective of this study was to assess the functionality of the wastewater treatment plant in Nowy Sącz by means of tools to determine the efficiency and reliability of the operation of the analysed facility. The range of analysed indicators included the main indicators of wastewater pollution: BOD₅, COD_Cr, total suspended solids, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The performance of the analysed treatment plant was evaluated based on the results of the three years 2017–2019. The percentage reduction efficiency and the technological reliability coefficients of the treatment plant were determined using the values of pollutant concentrations in raw and treated wastewater. A reliable level of operation of the analysed facility was found (the resulting reliability coefficient values <italic>WN</italic> = 0.31–0.77) with high efficiency of wastewater treatment (reduction of analysed pollutants η = 83.03% to 99.62%). The limit values were not exceeded, which is a requirement of the applicable legislation. The method of determining technological reliability and the reduction of particular pollutants is an easy and important tool for assessing the operation and performance of wastewater treatment plants.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20240042024-07-06T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024005<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Sustainable tourism is an important element in the policies of many developing countries today. In contrast to mass tourism, it provides a holistic perspective, recognising the synergies between economic, social, and environmental development and protecting the existing natural, human and organisational resources upon which tourism depends. Community-based tourism (CBT) is a participatory approach to implementing sustainable tourism that also promotes community development from a bottom-up perspective and with a focus on local knowledge and existing resources. Based on comprehensive research and analysis of the existing body of literature, the aim of this paper is to research the transition from sustainable tourism towards community based-tourism, to identify the relevant actors that should be involved in the planning, implementation and management of such projects and to propose a capacity development approach that facilitates community development through a community-based tourism approach.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20240052024-07-06T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024003<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The article presents an extended model of the Solina-Myczkowce pumped storage power plant with the designed new reservoir and Jawor power plant. Different design cases for the size of the reservoir located on Mt. Jawor were considered. In building the model, a modular approach was used to clearly distinguish elements of the model. In order to capture seasonal changes in both hydrological conditions and power demand values, a period of 365 days was assumed for the simulations. The simulations assumed the form of criteria defining on/off moments and defining the turbine/pump turbine operating regime using the daily variation of energy prices. All constraints arising from the physical parameters and limitations of the cascade facilities as well as those arising from the provisions of the current Water Management Manual for the Solina-Myczkowce cascade were taken into account. The model was designed and executed using the Matlab-Simulink interface. The developed model, assuming various solutions of the additional Jawor-Solina pumped storage power plant, allows multivariate analysis of the effects, both in the sphere of electricity production and financial . The flexible design of the model is a proposal with the help of which it is possible to develop and test decision-making mechanisms in the energy and financial area of cascade operation. Expansion of the energy cascade with a new element of the pumped storage power plant affects the functioning in its current form of the Solina-Myczkowce PSPS. The results show the directions of changes that should be made in the operating strategy of such an expanded energy complex. The analyses are supported by a number of charts and a commentary.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20240032024-05-14T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024002<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Discoveries in medicine concerning the influence of light on human physiology provoked the creation of the Human Centric Lighting (HCL) approach. Research dedicated to this mainly focuses on optimally matching light parameters to human needs, e.g. increasing concentration, relaxation, etc. However, only a properly designed light source is capable of meeting HCL goals. This paper focuses on the LED luminaire design used in HCL systems. A review of LEDs dedicated to HCL systems was performed. Their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The Tunable White (TW) design is shown to be the most universal solution for HCL systems because it enables regulation of the colour temperature and spectrum, depending on user needs. However, TW is also the most complex in design. The problems that might arise during TW luminaire design are discussed. Example strategies on how to solve them, focusing on colour mixing and LED arrangement are given. Practical examples of TW luminaire design are also described, each one with a commentary covering encountered issues and their solutions.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20240022024-03-16T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024001<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This paper presents an analysis and results of experimental tests of full-scale prefabricated balcony sets with dimensions (width × length × height): 2.0 m × 2.78 m × 0.186 m (in a slope to 0.17 m). The sets consist of reinforced concrete slabs (balcony and ceiling) connected with each other with double-type balcony connections. The paper analyses the impact of variable parameters on the load bearing capacity of the elements. Additionally, an overview of current scientific and technical papers in the field of balcony connections is provided.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20240012024-03-09T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2023020<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Repairs and reconstructions of asphalt roads and paved areas generate large amounts of construction debris in the form of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). The material milled from the upper layer contains aggregate and asphalt with deteriorating performance parameters as a result of long-term service under variable weather conditions. Since the debris is mostly composed of non-renewable materials, attempts have been made to recycle and utilise it in the preparation of new asphalt mixtures. This study investigates the design of an asphalt mix containing recycled RAP and summarises the testing of its performance parameters. By lowering the mixing temperature and using a two-stage method of RAP heating, it was possible to design an asphalt mix with 90% RAP content; thus, the demand for virgin aggregate and the fuel consumption throughout the mixing process could be effectively reduced.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20230202023-12-26T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2023019<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This study discusses the link between the idea of the Smart City and urban form. The paper aims to fill a research gap in terms of the physical structure of a Smart City by investigating how its spatial dimension can be evaluated and measured. The methodology used is based on a comparative and interpretive analysis of logical argumentation based on analysis and synthesis. The main aim of this research was to develop a method to evaluate the spatial dimension of a smart city. In order to achieve this, a four-step process was formulated: Step 1. Extracting elements of urban form and the Smart City as a concept. Step 2. Examining the possible correlations between each component of a Smart City and urban form elements. Step 3. Creating a Smart City urban form evaluation tool. Step 4. Testing the tool on existing smart cities: the Songdo IBD in South Korea, and Aspern Seestadt in Vienna, Austria. The final outcome is a proposed tool for measuring and evaluating urban form which may be applied to future smart city projects.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20230192023-12-23T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2023018<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Using the concept of the window, which is the interface between the interpenetrating interior and the exterior of a building, the article shows window joinery as an independent architectural detail with aesthetic value expressed in an artistic form. The author discusses the changing function of the wall opening and emphasises its timeless role: bringing light and air into the building. Analysing successively the design assumptions of creators from antiquity to modernism, the article illustrates the integrity of windows and the façade of buildings, which influence the visual perception of the development in a broader cultural, artistic and historical context.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20230182023-12-12T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2023016<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This publication is devoted to the problem of lighting in parking spaces in a housing estate. Both aspects related to the safety of their users and the potential impact on the natural environment through the phenomenon of light pollution are discussed. Parking spaces are classified in terms of their purpose and lighting. It was found that half of them are insufficiently illuminated, often by light sources originally intended to illuminate green areas or streets. As a result, the illuminance of their surface is much lower than the value specified by standards for this type of public space. It was found that this form of outdoor lighting does not directly make a noticeable contribution to the artificial sky glow, which is the main form of light pollution. However, isolated cases of excessive lighting in parking spaces have been recorded. In this case, the light reflected from the pavement or the street makes a significant contribution to artificial sky glow. It is suggested to replace the lighting in parking spaces with dedicated sets of LED or MH luminaires, which would minimise the impact of this lighting on the environment while ensuring the proper lighting of both the surface and the vehicles parked on them.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20230162023-12-12T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2023017<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>In many machining applications, the appropriate selection of cutting tools in relation to the type of material being machined, the machining parameters and the required shape and dimensional accuracy is of particular importance. This especially applies to operations requiring the use of specific tools, i.e. tools that are not included in the standard offer but are tailor-made according to the individual needs of the customer. The article focuses on the machining problems of selected austenitic grades of stainless steel and the selection of technologies (i.e. machining parameters and strategies and tool geometry) concerning the design and use of special monolithic carbide milling cutters. The possibilities of manufacturing elements from austenitic steels with high shape and dimensional accuracy and high surface layer quality are limited. Due to their high ductility, the tendency to create growths on the cutting edge and the high compression strength coefficient, these materials pose a serious technological challenge. The analysis of phenomena presented in the article forms the basis for developing guidelines for designing the machining process using special monolithic carbide cutters dedicated for specific applications.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20230172023-12-12T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2023012<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>On the basis of the analysis of more than a hundred projects that have been completed over the past four decades, the process of the transformation of the architecture of orphanages in the context of the deinstitutionalisation strategy was analysed. The analysis was based on a specially developed method of comparing environmental and peculiarities of fostering. The main goal of this method was to establish a connection between the effective methods of raising children and architectural form. In accordance with the structure of the plan, three types of orphanage have been identified – single, branched and dispersed.</p> <p>As a result of the analysis, three factors were identified that contribute to the preservation of outdated methods of organising the architectural space of an alternative care institution for children. A number of design solutions have been identified that have significant potential for strengthening deinstitutionalized, child-centred educational practices that correspond to the best interests of the child.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20230122023-11-13T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2023014<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This paper discusses housing areas from the perspective of meeting the living needs of families. In recent decades, significant changes have been observed in Poland both in terms of the formation of new housing complexes and in social expectations regarding living conditions. The new housing complexes differ significantly from the traditional, typical ones with distinctive architecture and low-standard common spaces, commonly referred to as panel block housing estates. Previous research on housing environment quality generally points to the need to create developments that provide the highest possible quality of life. These studies focused on the problems of one particular group of residents, such as children, seniors or people with disabilities. However, families, which make up a significant portion of the population and are important users, have not been adequately addressed in urban planning studies to date. Therefore, this problem merits investigation and existing research methods or urban development concepts that can be used to evaluate residential areas should be identified as should factors and spatio-functional characteristics of residential areas that can influence the creation of high-quality space for families. This study, based on a literature review, evaluated two selected development models in terms of providing optimal living conditions for families. It was found that current proposals may be useful in determining features of family-dedicated space, yet they display a range of deficiencies that should be addressed. The study’s conclusions can be used as a basis for further investigation and as recommendations in the context of planning and urban policymaking.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20230142023-11-13T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2023015<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated digitisation processes, improved remote communication systems and revolutionised office work systems. It is highly probable that all of these changes will convert office areas and office management in the near future. Remote work has brought employers attention to their employees’ health and wellbeing, as they have been proven to be the main driving force in their companies. Additionally, there is a growing interest in certifying buildings according to the principles of the WELL Building Standard, a system that focuses on evaluating those design and organisational aspects that have a direct impact on the wellbeing of building users. This publication is intended as a review, and the aim of this article is to analyse if following WELL certification rules can help to design a modern office that suits a post-pandemic society.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20230152023-11-13T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2023013<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The problem described in this study concerns the processes accompanying the revitalisation of waterfronts in urban public areas. This article has been an attempt to analyse the latest waterfront transformations and to extend the knowledge on shaping of public green spaces in riverbank areas.</p> <p>The purpose of the study was to analyse and introduce the typology of urban green areas located along the waterfronts, concentrated around continuous walking or cycling routes. Another assumption of the author was to indicate the factors determining the vitality and activisation of these areas.</p> <p>The applied research methodology was based on factors shaping the coastal space, which the author presented as a group named “waterfront linearity”. Moreover, his paper examines the latest waterfront revitalisation undertaken in Rouen, Bordeaux, Lyon.</p> <p>The conclusions found in this paper constitute an important element of research studies devoted to the ways of shaping green areas in the immediate vicinity of rivers as well as studies in the area of environmental psychology.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20230132023-11-13T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2023009<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This article presents the first part of the research on the production of large-size castings, such as bottom plates and counterweights produced in the Krakodlew S.A. foundry. Castings of this type are not complicated in terms of construction but must meet certain requirements, namely to be able to withstand the effects of high temperature and associated stresses, or to have specific dimensions and weight in the case of counterweights. In both cases, the most common method of forming castings is horizontal moulding. However, this requires a lot of time for machining the finished castings. Forming heavy castings in a vertical orientation, although much more problematic, can mean that the amount of time required for machining may be reduced. The research presents the effect of overheating temperature on the effects of inoculation with the Zircinoc inoculant, in which it was shown that increasing the temperature by fifty degrees increased the amount of eutectic grains by around 11–15%.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20230092023-09-21T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2023011<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This overview presents a comprehensive exploration of the research methods employed for the precise assessment of volume fraction and the detailed characterisation of the size, shape and distribution of γ’ phase precipitates within Ni-based superalloys. These advanced materials exhibit exceptional mechanical properties due to the presence of γ’ precipitates. The accurate quantification of precipitate parameters is crucial for understanding material behaviour and for the optimisation of alloy design. In this overview, a spectrum of techniques, including microscopy (SEM, TEM), diffraction (XRD), spectroscopy (EDS, EELS) and advanced imaging (3D-APT, STEM-HAADF, FIB-SEM) is discussed. Strengths, limitations and potential synergies among these methods are highlighted, offering researchers a comprehensive toolbox to advance their investigations of γ’ phase precipitates in Ni-based superalloys.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20230112023-09-21T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2023010<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The growing interest in the application of photovoltaics in construction results in solutions based on the concept of integration with the architecture of the building. This means that the challenge lies not only in the technical integration itself but in accordance with the concept of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), integration results in closer ties with architecture.</p> <p>The following article aims to determine the current possibilities with regard to the integration of PV technology with the building (narrowed down to the use of PV cells and PV modules) and, consequently, the role of BIPV in modern architecture in terms of aesthetics and functionality, including the relationship of the building with the environment. The paper offers an architectural perspective on the problem while omitting detailed technological issues.</p> <p>To illustrate the considerations, carefully selected design examples (including those developed by the author) are used, which enable these possibilities to be defined across a broad spectrum.</p> <p>Research prompts the conclusion that the development of biPv strengthens the relationship between Pv technology and architecture, both in terms of aesthetics and utility. This relationship is synergistic and stimulates the parallel development of Pv technology as architectural solutions.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20230102023-09-21T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2023008<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The paper presents an analysis of the operational properties of paint coatings for use in military technology in the field of masking. The assessment of the properties was performed on the basis of measurements of the surface geometric structure and adhesion using the peel method. The measurements of specular gloss, colour in the range of 400-700 nm and reflectance in the range of 350-1200 nm were made in relation to the requirements of the Polish Defence Standard NO-80-A200. Coating systems are characterised by their low roughness and good adhesion. Due to their operational properties, the developed coating systems can be used on armaments and military equipment.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20230082023-06-21T00:00:00.000+00:00en-us-1