rss_2.0Technical Transactions FeedSciendo RSS Feed for Technical Transactionshttps://sciendo.com/journal/TECHTRANShttps://www.sciendo.comTechnical Transactions Feedhttps://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6473923f4e662f30ba542647/cover-image.jpghttps://sciendo.com/journal/TECHTRANS140216The Void of Mies: Unfolding Unbuilt Projects of Mies van der Rohehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2025001<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The core of Mies van der Rohe still remains as a vast void. Since the Friedrichstrasse Skyscraper Project in 1921, Mies’s manifestos have always been mediated to the world through the unbuilt projects. In Mies’s planes, there is a dialectic between the manifesto and the realized works in the unbuilt projects, which complement each other’s dimensions, and only in this way can Mies the architect be historicized. However, upon examining the unbuilt projects in detail, hidden qualities have been uncovered that have not yet been recognized by historians and critics. Thus far, more than 35 unbuilt projects have been analyzed academically, both known and unknown, creating hypothetical spaces in the form of drawings, 3D modeling, and physical models. The unexplored qualities that have emerged in this process are, in short, the phenomenological manifestation of space and Mies’s particular view of nature, as well as the spiritual boundaries that lie behind these planes of perception.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20250012025-02-16T00:00:00.000+00:00Enhancing the attractiveness of public library spaces a case study of selected branches in Rzeszówhttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024024<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Municipal public libraries are part of the public function of the city, playing an important role in community life and being a place of integration. Libraries are used by a large group of people of all ages, but many do not realise the potential of these places due to limited access and use. The basis for this article was the participation of the ZARYS Architecture Club in a UNICEF project in cooperation with the Municipal Public Library in Rzeszów. The architecture students carried out an inventory as a prelude to designing new interiors for selected libraries in order to improve their functioning. The study can serve as a basis for further research and transformation of library spaces in Rzeszów.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20240242024-12-23T00:00:00.000+00:00The Role of Classical Image Processing Algorithms in the Age of AI Revolutionhttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024025<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The article is devoted to the analysis of AI methods used in materials science and, in particular, the possibility of using them in the automatic classification and detection of material structure elements in digital images. The main areas of application of AI algorithms in materials science, such as prediction of material properties, material design, and optimization of technological processes, are presented. Examples of machine learning algorithm applications for classifying structure elements are discussed. Difficulties encountered in implementing AI algorithms in analyzing images of material microstructures were analyzed.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20240252024-12-23T00:00:00.000+00:00Effect of voltage subharmonics and interharmonics on currents of line start permanent magnet synchronous motorhttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024023<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This study deals with currents of a line start permanent magnet synchronous motor (LSPMSM), supplied with voltage containing subharmonics and interharmonics – components of the frequency less than the fundamental frequency or not being equal to its integer multiple, respectively. The results of experimental investigation are presented for a factory-made four-pole LSPMSM of the rated power 3 kW. Voltage interharmonics result in the flow of current components of various frequencies and comparatively small values. Their presence could lead to resonance phenomena, but is not expected to cause the motor overheating. Contrastingly, voltages subharmonics cause the flow of significant current subharmonics, which may considerably increase power losses, and consequently – the thermal loads of the LSPMS.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20240232024-12-21T00:00:00.000+00:00Low-cost hydraulic force reduction in a manually-operated high-performance directional control poppet valvehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024022<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The article presents the results of research into the use of hydraulic force reduction in a manually-controlled directional control poppet valve, used in hydraulic systems of powered roof supports, part of longwall complexes used while mining in hard coal mines. Hydraulic force reduction is intended to enable enlargement of the valve elements, and therefore the efficiency of the directional control valve without an increase in control forces or losing the basic feature of the directional control valve, i.e., a high seal level when closing the medium flow. A number of prototype tests were designed and carried out to experimentally confirm the possibility of using hydraulic force reduction.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20240222024-12-21T00:00:00.000+00:00Using participatory tools in practice – case study of the non-statutory participatory process “Re:witalizacja – Wzgórze Karscha” conducted in 2020 in Kielcehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024021<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The article describes a case study – a non-statutory participatory process carried out in Kielce in 2020, the purpose of which was to educate and gather information from residents on the development of an amendment to the Kielce City Study. The article discusses the assumptions adopted for the consultations, and the participatory techniques used, in the context of the level of participation required by the current legislation as well as the factors influencing the success of individual activities.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20240212024-12-12T00:00:00.000+00:00Research on polychromies from the medieval period in the archcatedral basilica in Przemyslhttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024020<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The article presents two important strands of research: the preserved paintings in the present attic of the Latin Rite Archcathedral Basilica in Przemyśl and the polychromy on the stone blocks in the foundation part of this temple. The existing paintings of significant cultural value were made in the late medieval period, an era when the Przemyśl Cathedral had Gothic forms, and the existing paintings circled the walls of the temple below the Gothic wooden ceiling. Based on the current state of research and the extent of damage to the paintings, it was only possible to interpret and read the paintings piecemeal. The article includes their photographs and discusses the painted scenes and ornamentation along with their psychological context. Polychromes in part of the foundation walls of the chancel of the Przemyśl basilica were also studied. The results of the research could confirm the reuse of stone blocks for the construction of the walls of the cathedral’s chancel. In addition, the chemical composition of the mortar structures and polychrome was given. The data provided insight into the mortar and paint technologies used in the medieval era in Przemyśl.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20240202024-12-12T00:00:00.000+00:00Evolution of public library architecture as based on the work of Alvar Aalto and the extension of the Seinäjoki libraryhttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024019<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The end of the 20<sup>th</sup> century was a period of dynamic change for libraries. The growing popularity of new media, the development of television and especially the Internet, changes in the way societies, economies and industries functioned have all had a significant impact on the way libraries are run. Just as libraries used to be important places for acquiring knowledge, for accessing information, today the flow of information is different, and the book as a product is no longer as attractive, but also, even in the context of libraries, has ceased to be the main element of their operation. Institutions have found a solution to this problem by attracting audiences with both a more interesting and varied cultural offer.</p> <p>The paper discusses how library architecture has evolved over the centuries on the case study of the extension of the public library in Seinäjoki. Finnish city is also known for the work of Alvar Aalto, who created a civic centre that also became the site of one of the most interesting libraries. Aalto was passionate about this form of use, which accompanied him through various stages of his career. Given that the old building and the new one were built less than half a century apart, it is interesting from a research point of view to compare their architecture, aesthetics and approach to spatial organisation.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20240192024-12-02T00:00:00.000+00:00The Chinoiserie style and its interpretations in urban park design from a historical and contemporary perspective, based on selected exampleshttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024018<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This paper discusses landscape design inspired by Chinese tradition and symbolism. The authors briefly presented the basics of Chinese tradition in the establishment of gardens and parks, their elements, symbolism and the messages they convey, in the context of the interpretation of these traditions in the design of parks established in the Chinoiserie style outside China, mainly in Europe, both in the past and at present. This study also explores the problem of the poor state of the environment, especially in urban areas, which is largely related to the shortage of green space, including parks and gardens. The lack of these spaces and, at the same time, the need to create recreational yet visually appealing spaces for the urban bourgeoisie has led to a re-emergence of Chinese landscape design traditions. One example of a contemporary implementation of a Chinoiserie-style garden is the Monte Palace Tropical Garden in Funchal, the capital of Madeira.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20240182024-12-02T00:00:00.000+00:00Orientation for sustainable architectural development in Vietnam – an evolution of strategieshttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024016<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The evolution of sustainable architectural development in Vietnam demonstrates a strategic response to climate change and environmental challenges. The Vietnamese government has implemented key policies, including the establishment of the Department of Environment in 1990 and the Law on Environmental Protection in 1993. Regulations such as QCXDVN 09:2005 and QCVN 09:2017/BXD emphasize energy-efficient construction. At COP26, Vietnam pledged to achieve net zero emissions by 2050 and is actively participating in a fair energy transition partnership (JETP) with G7 countries. To support these goals, Vietnam has developed green building evaluation systems like LEED, EDGE, and LOTUS, promoting renewable energy use and resource-efficient materials. This paper presents the guidelines for the new-built objects to meet the sustainability requirements based on case studies. This proactive approach not only addresses environmental concerns but also fosters economic growth and sustainable urban development.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20240162024-12-02T00:00:00.000+00:00Multi-attribute analysis of waterfront public spaces in historic core of the city of Krakówhttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024017<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>For riverside cities, their waterfront public space becomes one of the main public domains. This cultural heritage constitutes the city's identity. Based on the richness of its heritage, are cities developing an adequate functional offer aimed at the modern user?</p> <p>The article presents the results of a study of the functional quality of the public space of the Vistula River Boulevards in Kraków. The level of functional complexity of the Boulevards was determined by defining the types of its fragments in spatial-functional and historical terms, and then subjecting them to the author's multi-criteria valorization. The results of the valorization of the functional resources of the riverside public space made it possible to formulate conclusions for determining the potentials and threats of the studied riverside public space.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20240172024-12-02T00:00:00.000+00:00Improving Interior Design: Topology Optimization and Large-Scale 3D Printing Plastichttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024015<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The pervasive use of plastics, despite their economic benefits in recycling and reuse due to their low cost and abundance, has contributed significantly to global environmental issues, including pollution and global warming. Notably, polymer production continues to rise, paralleling increasing environmental impacts. This paper shifts focus from these broader environmental concerns to explore how topology optimization and advanced 3D printing technologies are transforming interior design. Specifically, it examines the integration of topology optimization a technique traditionally used in engineering to distribute materials efficiently within a design space to enhance both the sustainability and creativity of large-scale 3D printing applications in interior design. By optimizing material usage and minimizing waste, these technologies not only address some environmental concerns associated with plastics but also revolutionize how designers conceive and implement interior spaces. The paper highlights case studies where these integrated technologies have enabled unprecedented levels of creativity and efficiency, redefining the aesthetics and functionality of interior environments.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20240152024-11-26T00:00:00.000+00:00The outdoor lighting of the Wawel Royal Castle and its contribution to the occurrence of light pollutionhttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024012<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This paper concerns the phenomenon of light pollution. Its goal is to identify light sources in the Wawel Royal Castle that influence this phenomenon. The term of the discussed phenomenon is given, with emphasis on its categories. Then, the impact of light pollution on the environment was discussed. During the research, light sources were identified and divided according to their type. Then it was determined how individual light sources affect the occurrence of light pollution. The results contain information about the location of light sources, their type, colour and direction of light beam. The authors present them in photographic documentation and a map of Wawel Hill. Additionally, changes were proposed in the external lighting of the Wawel Royal Castle, aimed at reducing the occurrence of light pollution. A total of 294 light sources were inventoried, of which 82 were classified as abnormal, 59 as normal, and 63 as partially correct. The rest were unavailable or unused.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20240122024-11-23T00:00:00.000+00:00Spatial development of Zaklików: Introduction to researchhttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024014<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This paper discusses the history and, most importantly, the spatial development and the urban layout of the town of Zaklików. Zaklików is an early-modern-period town founded in 1565 by Stanisław Zaklika of the coat of arms of Topór, probably on previously undeveloped land on the border of the Lublin Upland and the Sandomierz Basin, in Solska Forest. The town was founded on the basis of a charter issued by King Sigismund II Augustus.</p> <p>The aim of this paper is to present the results of preliminary research on the urban composition of the town from its foundation period. The research was based primarily on a review of the literature, archival queries, as well as fieldwork. The urban structure of the town was analysed and compared to models of other early modern Polish towns. On this basis, Zaklików was classified in a specific group of layouts, characterised as a private town, an economic layout with an early modern use programme, but that still used traditional planning methods.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20240142024-11-23T00:00:00.000+00:00Investigating the influence of cultural conditions on the perception of visual aspects of architectural interiorshttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024013<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The lifestyle change resulting from the pandemic has led to a notable increase in the amount of time spent in residential interiors. This has resulted in an expansion of the range of activities performed in these spaces, which now encompass not only basic living functions but also work and access to culture. The evolution of interior design in an era of widespread migration, climate risks, demographic and social changes is evidenced by the changing functions, technologies and materials that are developing and expanding on a daily basis. This article presents a study of the visual perception of architectural interiors in representatives of different cultures, specifically those of Chinese (Vietnamese), Orthodox (Greek) and Western (Polish) civilizational backgrounds. The aim is to identify differences derived from cultural backgrounds. The objective of the study was to identify features that are sensitive to cultural diversity in interior design. In order to create fully inclusive interior design, it is essential to understand how interiors are perceived and how they affect the user by representatives of different audiences with different cultural backgrounds. This understanding can be used to preserve local identities, avoid globalisation and create fully inclusive places that are adapted to the needs of all users regardless of their ability or origin. The research has resulted in interior design guidelines that take into account the cultural diversity of users.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20240132024-11-23T00:00:00.000+00:00Abrasion resistance of camouflage coating systemshttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024011<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The aim of this article is to evaluate the abrasion resistance of camouflage coating systems according to the D4060-10 standard using the Taber Abraser. The method is a standard test for assessing the resistance of coatings to mechanical wear by simulating the abrasion process that occurs during exploitation. The abrasion resistance of camouflage coatings is crucial, especially in the context of military applications. Camouflage coatings are used on military vehicles, equipment and devices to ensure their ability to camouflage in various environments. High abrasion resistance ensures that the camouflage pattern does not wear out quickly, which is important for effective camouflage. The study analyzed three different coating camouflage systems that were subjected to a test to determine their durability and effectiveness under conditions of intensive abrasion. The results obtained allowed for a comparison of the resistance of these systems. The obtained data provide valuable information for further development of camouflage coating systems with increased abrasion resistance, which is of great importance for military and industrial applications.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20240112024-10-22T00:00:00.000+00:00Green building technologies as a part of architecture students’ workshopshttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024010<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The purpose of this article is to present how green building technologies impacted contemporary architectural design during students’ architectural workshops, using selected examples. The analysis covers a series of student workshops, conducted in collaboration between the Faculty of Architecture and Construction at L.N. Gumilov Eurasian National University (FAC-ENU) in Astana, Kazakhstan, and the Faculty of Architecture at Cracow University of Technology (FA-CUT), Kraków, Poland. The first part of the workshop, presented under the working title <italic>Conceptual Landscape Project of the ENU Recreation Space in Astana</italic>, focuses on conceptual design. The main part of the workshop centres on the theme <italic>Restoration of the Urban Environment of Madrid: Designing a Multi-Comfort House Saint-Gobain</italic>, emphasizing a personality-oriented approach and components of creative independence. The final part describes a student workshop on the theme <italic>Architectural Collage: Transformation of Styles in the New Architecture of Astana</italic>. In these three parts, the article demonstrates how ideas related to green building technologies were implemented in the creation of architectural spaces. The general conclusions highlight the role of workshops as an effective method of educating students about green building technologies applied in shaping the built environment.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20240102024-10-18T00:00:00.000+00:00Public Facilities in the Context of Sustainable Development: A Multiple-Study of Academic Librarieshttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024008<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>We live in a time when thinking about the environment today means thinking about the future of a generation. In an increasingly urbanised space, not only are we gradually losing contact with nature, but we can also see that the impact of development on it is often negative and irreversible. A sustainable approach to design, which places greater emphasis on building design, use, and good practices, seems essential. Libraries, whose existence is strongly tied to their educational mission, play a very important role. By remaining repositories of knowledge and places of activity, but also by their pro-environmental orientation, they can become a model of contemporary architecture. The aim of this paper is to present academic libraries that play a special role as the focal point of a campus plan, offering both a rich programme of cultural events and a place to study.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20240082024-10-12T00:00:00.000+00:00Optimization of the conditions of cooperation of hybrid solutions of wind farms and solar farms for the area of Polandhttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024009<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>With the increase in the share, with variable production of renewable energy sources in power systems, many studies and expert opinions have appeared in scientific research and the energy market to determine their optimal technological and locational cooperation. Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) has often been applied in this context. However, some key aspects important in energy planning have not been included in these analyses. This article presents the use of the Markowitz model (Modern Portfolio Theory) in analyzing the hybrid co-option of selected energy sources, assuming two approaches that take into account gross potential and constraints imposed by technological capabilities. The goal is to determine the optimal value of the participation rate of wind farms and solar farms in the energy production co-op assuming the minimization of risk. The value of risk here is determined by a measure of dispersion for the delivery of a certain amount of energy. The results of the analysis are the determination of a map of optimal values of participation factors between the components of the hybrid energy complex for the area of Poland. Analyses were made for gross potential, showing the possibilities of maximum energy production, and for potential limited by technological possibilities. The study used data characterizing the potential of wind energy and solar energy and temperature. The data used in the analyses are publicly available for research purposes. The analyses were supported by graphs and commentary.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20240092024-10-12T00:00:00.000+00:00Awareness of local communities about the value of their city’s cultural heritage and the need to protect it on the example of selected historic towns in the Małopolska region (Poland)https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024007<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This article focuses on the problem of local communities’ awareness of heritage values in terms of urbanism, architecture, and construction and the traditions of place within a historic town. To study this problem, the authors conducted qualitative and quantitative research using the questionnaire method. They were carried out in the area of two selected small historic towns located in southern Poland in the Małopolska region: Muszyna and Piwniczna-Zdrój. Their aim was to determine the level of awareness of the cultural heritage values of both towns among their inhabitants. The results of the research are expected to identify areas of real educational needs in terms of the knowledge and a sense of value of local monuments. The authors believe that social participation and involvement of local communities is essential in the process of protecting and caring for monuments of indigenous cultural heritage.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e20240072024-08-29T00:00:00.000+00:00en-us-1
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<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The article presents the results of research into the use of hydraulic force reduction in a manually-controlled directional control poppet valve, used in hydraulic systems of powered roof supports, part of longwall complexes used while mining in hard coal mines. Hydraulic force reduction is intended to enable enlargement of the valve elements, and therefore the efficiency of the directional control valve without an increase in control forces or losing the basic feature of the directional control valve, i.e., a high seal level when closing the medium flow. A number of prototype tests were designed and carried out to experimentally confirm the possibility of using hydraulic force reduction.</p> </abstract></value>
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<title>Using participatory tools in practice – case study of the non-statutory participatory process “Re:witalizacja – Wzgórze Karscha” conducted in 2020 in Kielce</title>
<link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024021</link>
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<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The article describes a case study – a non-statutory participatory process carried out in Kielce in 2020, the purpose of which was to educate and gather information from residents on the development of an amendment to the Kielce City Study. The article discusses the assumptions adopted for the consultations, and the participatory techniques used, in the context of the level of participation required by the current legislation as well as the factors influencing the success of individual activities.</p> </abstract></value>
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<title>Research on polychromies from the medieval period in the archcatedral basilica in Przemysl</title>
<link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024020</link>
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<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The article presents two important strands of research: the preserved paintings in the present attic of the Latin Rite Archcathedral Basilica in Przemyśl and the polychromy on the stone blocks in the foundation part of this temple. The existing paintings of significant cultural value were made in the late medieval period, an era when the Przemyśl Cathedral had Gothic forms, and the existing paintings circled the walls of the temple below the Gothic wooden ceiling. Based on the current state of research and the extent of damage to the paintings, it was only possible to interpret and read the paintings piecemeal. The article includes their photographs and discusses the painted scenes and ornamentation along with their psychological context. Polychromes in part of the foundation walls of the chancel of the Przemyśl basilica were also studied. The results of the research could confirm the reuse of stone blocks for the construction of the walls of the cathedral’s chancel. In addition, the chemical composition of the mortar structures and polychrome was given. The data provided insight into the mortar and paint technologies used in the medieval era in Przemyśl.</p> </abstract></value>
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<title>Evolution of public library architecture as based on the work of Alvar Aalto and the extension of the Seinäjoki library</title>
<link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024019</link>
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<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The end of the 20<sup>th</sup> century was a period of dynamic change for libraries. The growing popularity of new media, the development of television and especially the Internet, changes in the way societies, economies and industries functioned have all had a significant impact on the way libraries are run. Just as libraries used to be important places for acquiring knowledge, for accessing information, today the flow of information is different, and the book as a product is no longer as attractive, but also, even in the context of libraries, has ceased to be the main element of their operation. Institutions have found a solution to this problem by attracting audiences with both a more interesting and varied cultural offer.</p> <p>The paper discusses how library architecture has evolved over the centuries on the case study of the extension of the public library in Seinäjoki. Finnish city is also known for the work of Alvar Aalto, who created a civic centre that also became the site of one of the most interesting libraries. Aalto was passionate about this form of use, which accompanied him through various stages of his career. Given that the old building and the new one were built less than half a century apart, it is interesting from a research point of view to compare their architecture, aesthetics and approach to spatial organisation.</p> </abstract></value>
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<title>The Chinoiserie style and its interpretations in urban park design from a historical and contemporary perspective, based on selected examples</title>
<link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024018</link>
<uri/>
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<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This paper discusses landscape design inspired by Chinese tradition and symbolism. The authors briefly presented the basics of Chinese tradition in the establishment of gardens and parks, their elements, symbolism and the messages they convey, in the context of the interpretation of these traditions in the design of parks established in the Chinoiserie style outside China, mainly in Europe, both in the past and at present. This study also explores the problem of the poor state of the environment, especially in urban areas, which is largely related to the shortage of green space, including parks and gardens. The lack of these spaces and, at the same time, the need to create recreational yet visually appealing spaces for the urban bourgeoisie has led to a re-emergence of Chinese landscape design traditions. One example of a contemporary implementation of a Chinoiserie-style garden is the Monte Palace Tropical Garden in Funchal, the capital of Madeira.</p> </abstract></value>
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<title>Orientation for sustainable architectural development in Vietnam – an evolution of strategies</title>
<link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024016</link>
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<description>
<type/>
<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The evolution of sustainable architectural development in Vietnam demonstrates a strategic response to climate change and environmental challenges. The Vietnamese government has implemented key policies, including the establishment of the Department of Environment in 1990 and the Law on Environmental Protection in 1993. Regulations such as QCXDVN 09:2005 and QCVN 09:2017/BXD emphasize energy-efficient construction. At COP26, Vietnam pledged to achieve net zero emissions by 2050 and is actively participating in a fair energy transition partnership (JETP) with G7 countries. To support these goals, Vietnam has developed green building evaluation systems like LEED, EDGE, and LOTUS, promoting renewable energy use and resource-efficient materials. This paper presents the guidelines for the new-built objects to meet the sustainability requirements based on case studies. This proactive approach not only addresses environmental concerns but also fosters economic growth and sustainable urban development.</p> </abstract></value>
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<title>Multi-attribute analysis of waterfront public spaces in historic core of the city of Kraków</title>
<link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024017</link>
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<description>
<type/>
<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>For riverside cities, their waterfront public space becomes one of the main public domains. This cultural heritage constitutes the city's identity. Based on the richness of its heritage, are cities developing an adequate functional offer aimed at the modern user?</p> <p>The article presents the results of a study of the functional quality of the public space of the Vistula River Boulevards in Kraków. The level of functional complexity of the Boulevards was determined by defining the types of its fragments in spatial-functional and historical terms, and then subjecting them to the author's multi-criteria valorization. The results of the valorization of the functional resources of the riverside public space made it possible to formulate conclusions for determining the potentials and threats of the studied riverside public space.</p> </abstract></value>
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<title>Improving Interior Design: Topology Optimization and Large-Scale 3D Printing Plastic</title>
<link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024015</link>
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<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The pervasive use of plastics, despite their economic benefits in recycling and reuse due to their low cost and abundance, has contributed significantly to global environmental issues, including pollution and global warming. Notably, polymer production continues to rise, paralleling increasing environmental impacts. This paper shifts focus from these broader environmental concerns to explore how topology optimization and advanced 3D printing technologies are transforming interior design. Specifically, it examines the integration of topology optimization a technique traditionally used in engineering to distribute materials efficiently within a design space to enhance both the sustainability and creativity of large-scale 3D printing applications in interior design. By optimizing material usage and minimizing waste, these technologies not only address some environmental concerns associated with plastics but also revolutionize how designers conceive and implement interior spaces. The paper highlights case studies where these integrated technologies have enabled unprecedented levels of creativity and efficiency, redefining the aesthetics and functionality of interior environments.</p> </abstract></value>
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<pubDate>2024-11-26T00:00:00.000+00:00</pubDate>
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<title>The outdoor lighting of the Wawel Royal Castle and its contribution to the occurrence of light pollution</title>
<link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024012</link>
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<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This paper concerns the phenomenon of light pollution. Its goal is to identify light sources in the Wawel Royal Castle that influence this phenomenon. The term of the discussed phenomenon is given, with emphasis on its categories. Then, the impact of light pollution on the environment was discussed. During the research, light sources were identified and divided according to their type. Then it was determined how individual light sources affect the occurrence of light pollution. The results contain information about the location of light sources, their type, colour and direction of light beam. The authors present them in photographic documentation and a map of Wawel Hill. Additionally, changes were proposed in the external lighting of the Wawel Royal Castle, aimed at reducing the occurrence of light pollution. A total of 294 light sources were inventoried, of which 82 were classified as abnormal, 59 as normal, and 63 as partially correct. The rest were unavailable or unused.</p> </abstract></value>
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<title>Spatial development of Zaklików: Introduction to research</title>
<link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024014</link>
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<description>
<type/>
<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This paper discusses the history and, most importantly, the spatial development and the urban layout of the town of Zaklików. Zaklików is an early-modern-period town founded in 1565 by Stanisław Zaklika of the coat of arms of Topór, probably on previously undeveloped land on the border of the Lublin Upland and the Sandomierz Basin, in Solska Forest. The town was founded on the basis of a charter issued by King Sigismund II Augustus.</p> <p>The aim of this paper is to present the results of preliminary research on the urban composition of the town from its foundation period. The research was based primarily on a review of the literature, archival queries, as well as fieldwork. The urban structure of the town was analysed and compared to models of other early modern Polish towns. On this basis, Zaklików was classified in a specific group of layouts, characterised as a private town, an economic layout with an early modern use programme, but that still used traditional planning methods.</p> </abstract></value>
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<title>Investigating the influence of cultural conditions on the perception of visual aspects of architectural interiors</title>
<link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024013</link>
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<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The lifestyle change resulting from the pandemic has led to a notable increase in the amount of time spent in residential interiors. This has resulted in an expansion of the range of activities performed in these spaces, which now encompass not only basic living functions but also work and access to culture. The evolution of interior design in an era of widespread migration, climate risks, demographic and social changes is evidenced by the changing functions, technologies and materials that are developing and expanding on a daily basis. This article presents a study of the visual perception of architectural interiors in representatives of different cultures, specifically those of Chinese (Vietnamese), Orthodox (Greek) and Western (Polish) civilizational backgrounds. The aim is to identify differences derived from cultural backgrounds. The objective of the study was to identify features that are sensitive to cultural diversity in interior design. In order to create fully inclusive interior design, it is essential to understand how interiors are perceived and how they affect the user by representatives of different audiences with different cultural backgrounds. This understanding can be used to preserve local identities, avoid globalisation and create fully inclusive places that are adapted to the needs of all users regardless of their ability or origin. The research has resulted in interior design guidelines that take into account the cultural diversity of users.</p> </abstract></value>
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<title>Abrasion resistance of camouflage coating systems</title>
<link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024011</link>
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<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The aim of this article is to evaluate the abrasion resistance of camouflage coating systems according to the D4060-10 standard using the Taber Abraser. The method is a standard test for assessing the resistance of coatings to mechanical wear by simulating the abrasion process that occurs during exploitation. The abrasion resistance of camouflage coatings is crucial, especially in the context of military applications. Camouflage coatings are used on military vehicles, equipment and devices to ensure their ability to camouflage in various environments. High abrasion resistance ensures that the camouflage pattern does not wear out quickly, which is important for effective camouflage. The study analyzed three different coating camouflage systems that were subjected to a test to determine their durability and effectiveness under conditions of intensive abrasion. The results obtained allowed for a comparison of the resistance of these systems. The obtained data provide valuable information for further development of camouflage coating systems with increased abrasion resistance, which is of great importance for military and industrial applications.</p> </abstract></value>
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<title>Green building technologies as a part of architecture students’ workshops</title>
<link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024010</link>
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<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The purpose of this article is to present how green building technologies impacted contemporary architectural design during students’ architectural workshops, using selected examples. The analysis covers a series of student workshops, conducted in collaboration between the Faculty of Architecture and Construction at L.N. Gumilov Eurasian National University (FAC-ENU) in Astana, Kazakhstan, and the Faculty of Architecture at Cracow University of Technology (FA-CUT), Kraków, Poland. The first part of the workshop, presented under the working title <italic>Conceptual Landscape Project of the ENU Recreation Space in Astana</italic>, focuses on conceptual design. The main part of the workshop centres on the theme <italic>Restoration of the Urban Environment of Madrid: Designing a Multi-Comfort House Saint-Gobain</italic>, emphasizing a personality-oriented approach and components of creative independence. The final part describes a student workshop on the theme <italic>Architectural Collage: Transformation of Styles in the New Architecture of Astana</italic>. In these three parts, the article demonstrates how ideas related to green building technologies were implemented in the creation of architectural spaces. The general conclusions highlight the role of workshops as an effective method of educating students about green building technologies applied in shaping the built environment.</p> </abstract></value>
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<title>Public Facilities in the Context of Sustainable Development: A Multiple-Study of Academic Libraries</title>
<link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024008</link>
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<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>We live in a time when thinking about the environment today means thinking about the future of a generation. In an increasingly urbanised space, not only are we gradually losing contact with nature, but we can also see that the impact of development on it is often negative and irreversible. A sustainable approach to design, which places greater emphasis on building design, use, and good practices, seems essential. Libraries, whose existence is strongly tied to their educational mission, play a very important role. By remaining repositories of knowledge and places of activity, but also by their pro-environmental orientation, they can become a model of contemporary architecture. The aim of this paper is to present academic libraries that play a special role as the focal point of a campus plan, offering both a rich programme of cultural events and a place to study.</p> </abstract></value>
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<title>Optimization of the conditions of cooperation of hybrid solutions of wind farms and solar farms for the area of Poland</title>
<link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.37705/TechTrans/e2024009</link>
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<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>With the increase in the share, with variable production of renewable energy sources in power systems, many studies and expert opinions have appeared in scientific research and the energy market to determine their optimal technological and locational cooperation. Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) has often been applied in this context. However, some key aspects important in energy planning have not been included in these analyses. This article presents the use of the Markowitz model (Modern Portfolio Theory) in analyzing the hybrid co-option of selected energy sources, assuming two approaches that take into account gross potential and constraints imposed by technological capabilities. The goal is to determine the optimal value of the participation rate of wind farms and solar farms in the energy production co-op assuming the minimization of risk. The value of risk here is determined by a measure of dispersion for the delivery of a certain amount of energy. The results of the analysis are the determination of a map of optimal values of participation factors between the components of the hybrid energy complex for the area of Poland. Analyses were made for gross potential, showing the possibilities of maximum energy production, and for potential limited by technological possibilities. The study used data characterizing the potential of wind energy and solar energy and temperature. The data used in the analyses are publicly available for research purposes. The analyses were supported by graphs and commentary.</p> </abstract></value>
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<title>Awareness of local communities about the value of their city’s cultural heritage and the need to protect it on the example of selected historic towns in the Małopolska region (Poland)</title>
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<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This article focuses on the problem of local communities’ awareness of heritage values in terms of urbanism, architecture, and construction and the traditions of place within a historic town. To study this problem, the authors conducted qualitative and quantitative research using the questionnaire method. They were carried out in the area of two selected small historic towns located in southern Poland in the Małopolska region: Muszyna and Piwniczna-Zdrój. Their aim was to determine the level of awareness of the cultural heritage values of both towns among their inhabitants. The results of the research are expected to identify areas of real educational needs in terms of the knowledge and a sense of value of local monuments. The authors believe that social participation and involvement of local communities is essential in the process of protecting and caring for monuments of indigenous cultural heritage.</p> </abstract></value>
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