rss_2.0Sciendo RSS Feed for Timisoara Physical Education and Rehabilitation Journalhttps://sciendo.com/journal/TPERJhttps://www.sciendo.comhttps://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647396eb4e662f30ba54325f/cover-image.jpghttps://sciendo.com/journal/TPERJ140216https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/tperj-2024-0004<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <sec><title style='display:none'>Aim.</title> <p>This exploratory research aims to identify effective teaching strategies for enhancing physical and psychological training in adapted football for children aged 12-15 with special educational needs (SEN).</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Material and method.</title> <p>By employing questionnaires and tailored evidence sensitive to the requirements and potential of institutionalized children within this age group, this study seeks to develop and implement teaching strategies conducive to improving football within institutionalized centers. Various research methods including informational-bibliographic analysis, pedagogical observation, conversation, recording, graphical-tabular analysis, and questionnaire surveys were employed over a six-month period (October 2023 - March 2024).</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Results.</title> <p>The research yielded valuable insights and experiences, revealing the multifaceted nature of effective teaching strategies in football adaptation for children with SEN. Pedagogical observations provided nuanced understanding, while conversations and recordings enriched data collection. Graphical-tabular analyses facilitated systematic evaluation, and questionnaire surveys offered perspectives from stakeholders. The findings reveal significant challenges in social inclusion, with 65% of respondents identifying it as low. Moreover, 40% perceive social inclusion among children aged 12-15 with SEN as low, while 31% rate it as very low. Despite acknowledging favorable factors such as international conventions and national strategies (recognized by over 80% of respondents), specialists also identify constraining factors, including societal attitudes and resource constraints. Nevertheless, there is a consensus (46%) on the high contribution of sport to social inclusion, with 94% perceiving adapted football's influence as high or very high. Specialists emphasize the socialization function (33%) and recognize social benefits such as reintegration (29%). These results underscore the need for improvement in football programs tailored to children with SEN, particularly in enhancing social inclusion and skill development.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Conclusions.</title> <p>The study concludes that optimal didactic strategies, attuned to the unique requirements and potential of children with SEN, hold promise for advancing their physical and psychological training through football in institutionalized centers.</p> </sec> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/tperj-2024-00042024-08-22T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/tperj-2024-0002<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <sec><title style='display:none'>Aim.</title> <p>The aim of this article is to investigate the effectiveness of personalized psychomotor programs, particularly focusing on adapted football programs, for children with intellectual disabilities (ID).</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Material and methods.</title> <p>Twelve participants, with a mean age of 17.42 years underwent a carefully designed intervention program spanning 36 weeks. The program aimed to enhance fundamental movement skills, integrate these skills into specialized football training, and culminate in a Unified 7-a-side Football Match. Results indicate significant improvements in static and dynamic balance. Moreover, the intervention positively impacted social interaction among participants. The statistical analysis in this study involved the utilization of the Paired Samples t-Test (One-Sample), a method for comparing means within paired groups, which enabled a comprehensive examination of the data to assess the significance of observed alterations and understand the intricate interrelationships among variables.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Results.</title> <p>Results revealed significant differences between pre- and post-intervention measurements, providing robust evidence of the program's efficacy. The significant associations between physical parameters and social interaction underscore the interdependency between physical fitness and social engagement. Our findings suggest that improvements in physical abilities may contribute to increased social interaction among children with intellectual disabilities, underscoring the holistic nature of our intervention, which addresses multiple dimensions of development simultaneously. The findings underscore the holistic benefits of integrating psychomotor development and adapted football programs for adolescents with intellectual disabilities, emphasizing the importance of promoting inclusive physical activities for their overall well-being. Through psychological analyses, we gained insights into their cognitive and emotional dimensions. Subsequently, we formulated a holistic framework for integrating psychomotor interventions with adapted football programs.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Conclusions.</title> <p>Evaluating the advancements achieved through the implemented training programs, we aimed to contribute to the promotion of inclusivity for children with mild ID within society and the educational system. This research endeavors to contribute to the growing body of knowledge surrounding the holistic development and social inclusion of children with ID. This study examines the effectiveness of a comprehensive psychomotor development program.</p> </sec> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/tperj-2024-00022024-08-22T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/tperj-2024-0001<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <sec><title style='display:none'>Aim.</title> <p>The aim of the study was to implement a training program consisting of plyometric exercises using modern technologies to improve the explosive strength of junior basketball players.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Material and method.</title> <p>The study addresses this necessity by investigating the transformative impact of a customized plyometric training program on the explosive strength of 19 female basketball players aged 10 to 12. In the study, a two-month program of specific plyometric development exercises adapted to the basketball game was implemented, focused on improving the key parameters of explosive resistance. Specifically, improvements in flight time and height, assessed through five specific tests: Squat Jump Test, Drop Jump Test, Stiffness Test, 15 seconds Jump Test, 30 seconds Jump Test.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Results.</title> <p>In all 5 tests, the recorded progress was statistically significant compared to the reference value p &lt; 0.05. Cohen's values reflect a very large effect size &gt; 0.8 for all tests with one exception for the Stiffness Test where the effect size was only large in the 0.5-0.8 range.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Conclusions.</title> <p>The research contributes valuable insights into age-specific athletic development, advocating for the optimization of physical and technical readiness in young basketball players through targeted plyometric training sessions.</p> </sec> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/tperj-2024-00012024-08-22T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/tperj-2024-0003<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <sec><title style='display:none'>Introduction.</title> <p>The research highlights the need for customized test batteries, periodic assessments, involvement of specialist staff and national training standards to support the development of adapted football programs for children with special needs.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Aim.</title> <p>The study aimed to identify strategies conducive to enhancing inclusion and skill development tailored to the unique needs of these children.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Material and methods.</title> <p>This research investigates effective teaching strategies aimed at enhancing the physical and psychological development of children with special needs aged 12-15 years through adapted football programs. A sample population comprising specialists in the field was surveyed through questionnaires, followed by tests administered to 25 children (with mild mental retardation) from the Gavana "Family Type Center" in Pitesti, serving as the experimental group.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Results.</title> <p>Results from screening and comprehensive examinations, including motor development assessments using a specialized grid, revealed significant findings. The study delineated motor skills deficits and educational requirements, forming the basis for individualized educational programs. Additionally, the study emphasized the importance of well-equipped facilities and skilled specialists for accurate evaluation and education. The analysis of control samples demonstrated positive outcomes, with the majority of subjects exhibiting capabilities in body schematics, general motor skills, conducted and perceptual-motor structures, and organizing actions. These results underscore the potential for improvement and adaptation in physical education programs for children with special needs. The study proposes an integrated approach to evaluation and training, aligning with modern praxiological principles. A didactic strategy for enhancing adapted football in institutionalized centers was developed based on the assessment outcomes. The integration of evaluation strategies into training optimization charts emphasizes the importance of continuous assessment and refinement in program delivery.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Conclusion.</title> <p>In conclusion, the research highlights the necessity for tailored test batteries, periodic evaluations, specialized personnel involvement, and national-level training standards to support the development of adapted football programs for children with special needs. The findings suggest promising avenues for future research and the implementation of inclusive sports initiatives sensitive to the diverse needs of young athletes with special needs.</p> </sec> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/tperj-2024-00032024-08-22T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/tperj-2024-0005<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <sec><title style='display:none'>Aim.</title> <p>By analyzing the performances of all participants in the continental competitions of women's artistic gymnastics, we aim to create a 'profile' of the potential winning gymnast in team events, individual all-around, as well as apparatus competitions at the 2024 Paris Olympics.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Material and methods.</title> <p>The study was conducted by analyzing the scores achieved by gymnasts from four continents at the continental competitions mentioned above. At the African Championships, 25 athletes from 7 countries participated, at the European Championships, 154 gymnasts from 38 countries participated, at the Asian Championships, 46 athletes from 14 countries participated, at the Pan American Championships, 60 athletes from 20 countries participated.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Results.</title> <p>Following the execution of this study and monitoring the results of each previously mentioned continental competition, we have gathered a set of valuable data, including: Team competition results; Individual all-around competition results; Apparatus competition results. All of these data/grades/results can provide us with valuable information regarding the skill level of the continental representative athletes, either on a national level, in the individual all-around, or on specific apparatuses, at this training stage. By analyzing the obtained data, we have been focusing on preparation for the most crucial competition concluding this Olympic cycle.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Conclusions.</title> <p>We consider that the winners at the 2024 Paris Olympic Games, based on the profile obtained from the data collected, will be those who accumulate a minimum total of 166,000 points in the team competition, over 56,000 points in the Individual All-Around competition, an average of over 14,000 points between the two vaults in the Vault competition, a minimum of 14,600 points on Uneven Bars, a minimum of 14,400 points on Beam, and over 14,000 points in Floor Exercise.</p> </sec> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/tperj-2024-00052024-08-22T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/tperj-2023-0008<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <sec><title style='display:none'>Introduction.</title> <p>Hemophilia is a rare, x-linked inherited genetic disease. All types of hemophilia are characterised by a tendency to hemorrhage, which is sometimes of extreme, life-threatening severity in the absence of adequate treatment with clotting factor deficiency. Physical activity, regular training and sports help the hemophilia patient to develop basic motor skills such as coordination, flexibility, endurance and strength, keeping the musculoskeletal system in a good status.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Aim.</title> <p>The present study aims to assess the outcomes of kinetotherapy and recreational sports in hemophilic arthropathy patients, using the Hemophilia Joint Health score (HJHS) and Functional Indepencence score.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Material and methods.</title> <p>Thirteen male subjects aged between 13 and 61 years were selected and 23.1% were diagnosed with hemophilia B and 76.9% with hemophilia A. In our study group 38.46% of the patients received daily kinetotherapy sessions, and 61.54% of them received analgesic treatment with electrotherapy in addition to kinetotherapy. In the Medical Centre for Evaluation, Therapy, Specific Medical Education and Recovery for Children and Young People "Cristian Serban" in Buzias, patients included in this study performed different sports and recreational activities such as ping-pong and football.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Results.</title> <p>The HJHS score significantly improved after therapy, from 53.07 ± 19.80 before treatment to 40.15 ± 17.37 after treatment (p&lt;0.0001). The most affected score from HJHS was for the left knee flexion and extension loss. Only the score for extension have significantly improved (p=0.04).</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Conclusions.</title> <p>Incorporating physical activity and low-impact sports into the treatment plan of a hemophilia patient should be a balanced decision, taking into account the individual's specific condition, the severity of the disease, and their overall health profile.</p> </sec> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/tperj-2023-00082024-08-22T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/tperj-2023-0009<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p><italic>Introduction</italic>. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis affecting the global population, representing 69.7% of all cases, with the knee being the third most affected joint by osteoarthritis. Hip osteoarthritis has a higher prevalence in the elderly, being a significant cause of disability. Studies estimate a 25% risk of developing hip osteoarthritis in individuals with a life expectancy of 85 years. Physical therapy is the primary treatment method for both knee and hip osteoarthritis. It is effective at every stage of the disease, but its effectiveness decreases with the worsening of the pathology.</p> <p><italic>Aim</italic>. This study aims to highlight the effectiveness of a physical therapy program in the rehabilitation of patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis.</p> <p><italic>Material and Method</italic>. The study was conducted between 7.02.2022 - 19.05.2022 at the "Psiho Neuro Mag" Clinic in Oradea, on a group of 10 subjects with an average age of 58 ± 13.367 years, diagnosed with both hip osteoarthritis and knee osteoarthritis. The assessment of patients involved the evaluation of joint mobility (using a goniometer), muscle strength, and pain (VAS scale), conducted at the beginning and the end of the treatment. Additionally, patients’ quality of life was assessed using the OAKHQOL questionnaire at the start of the research and the end of it, after 3 months. The treatment program consisted of combined physical therapy with electrotherapy and massage.</p> <p><italic>Results.</italic> Following the application of the physical therapy program, it was proven to be effective in increasing hip mobility in all planes and improving knee mobility in flexion, as well as enhancing the strength of flexors, extensors, abductors, and internal rotators of the hip in the subjects under study. Moreover, the applied physical therapy program effectively reduced pain intensity and improved the quality of life, with a positive but statistically insignificant correlation between pain intensity and quality of life, in the sense that as pain intensity decreases, the life quality assessment questionnaire score also decreases.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/tperj-2023-00092024-08-22T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/tperj-2023-0002<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Childhood obesity has become a severe health problem for developing countries. Carrying out periodic screenings to identify the prevalence of obesity in a region is essential for assuring the effectiveness and efficiency of the measures adopted for preventing and combating obesity. <italic>Aim</italic>: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of obesity of children from Timis oara, Romania, enrolled from preparatory one to fourth grade (6-11 years) as well as to assess the parent's perception of their own weight and the weight of their children. <italic>Material and methods:</italic> The present study was carried out over a period of 3 months (December 2021- February 2022), comprising a representative sample. The total number of the subjects was 385, who were children enrolled in preparatory-four classes/primary education (6-11 years; 184 girls 8.56±1.42 years; 201 boys 8.43±1.58 years) and their parents (334 mothers 38.88±4.57 years; 51 fathers 41.47±4.88 years). The research protocol consisted of applying a questionnaire and taking anthropometric measurements. <italic>Results</italic>: More than 31% of the studied children exceed the normal weight, with a percentage of 15.1% overweight and 16.1% obese. In our study there is a significant difference (x2=81.16; d=3; p&lt; 0.0001) between the actual child's Body mass index classification and the body images chosen by the parents from the Children's Body Image Scale (CBIS). Thus, out of 120 overweight or obese cases, only 25 participants were correctly perceived. Therefore, we can state that only 20.8% of parents whose children exceed the normal weight chose a body image suitable for the child's actual weight status, therefore, perceived their children's body weight correctly. <italic>Conclusions:</italic> Summarizing the data within this study, we can conclude that one out of three primary school children in Timis oara is overweight or obese and many parents misperceived their children's weight status.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/tperj-2023-00022024-08-22T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/tperj-2023-0003<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The pandemic was a difficult time for everyone, both students and teachers, and the adaptation to the online environment was different. Because physical tests for motor skills assessment were more difficult to perform, one aspect of online assessment was eye-hand coordination.</p> <p><italic>The purpose of this study</italic> is to find an alternative to the assessment of psychomotor skills (especially eye-hand coordination) in the online environment during the pandemic. For the elaboration of the study, we established the following hypotheses:</p> <p>H1: There are gender differences in eye-hand coordination</p> <p>H2: Instruments used in the online environment cause changes in assessment eye-hand coordination</p> <sec><title style='display:none'>Material and methods</title> <p>The assessment was done by applying specific online tests that allowed participants to self-assess. The study was attended by 80 students (40F, 40B) from the "Sport High School Szasz Adalbert" from Targu Mures, Romania. The study was conducted during the 2020-2021 school year. The tests for eye–hand coordination were Sequence memory test, Chimp test, Aim trainer, Typing, Verbal memory, Number memory, Visual memory, and Reaction Time and which were conducted on the site <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://www.humanbenchmark.com">www.humanbenchmark.com</ext-link>. Subjects participated voluntarily in this study and must submit online, by completing a table in Excel, the results of specific tests for initial and final assessment.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Results</title> <p>The Excel database was exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 24 I.B.M. for Windows). It included descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation, and the frequency of occurrence expressed in absolute values or percentages. A T test for independent sample and T-test for pair sample was applied. The results obtained were significant for <italic>p</italic>-value under 0.05</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Conclusion</title> <p>Hypothesis H1 that there are gender differences in terms of hand-eye coordination- the obtained results deny this. Only 2 tests out of 8 showed that there are significant differences between boys and girls. In this case, we can say that the hypothesis is not confirmed. Regarding the second hypothesis H2, if there are improvements in hand-eye coordination between the two moments of the test, we can say that yes, there are, and this is confirmed in the result of both girls and boys. So the hypothesis is confirmed.</p> </sec> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/tperj-2023-00032024-08-22T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/tperj-2023-0001<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <sec><title style='display:none'>Introduction</title> <p>Fatigue is a complex and often debilitating symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS), affecting a large number of individuals with the condition. Research has shown that fatigue and impaired mobility are the two main causes of work loss in people with MS, with fatigue being one of the leading causes of unemployment.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Aim</title> <p>The research aimed to study the impact of fatigue on individuals with MS, including its effects on physical functioning, daily life activities, work, family, and social life.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Material and method</title> <p>The data was collected using the Fatigue Assessment Scale, a tool specifically designed for individuals with multiple sclerosis to assess the impact of fatigue on their work, home, and school life. The Fatigue Severity Scale measures fatigue levels, which distinguishes fatigue from clinical depression due to overlapping symptoms. Approximately 700 participants from all over the world participated in the study, with the majority coming from the USA, Canada, and Germany.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Results</title> <p>The results indicate that fatigue presents a significant challenge for individuals with MS, impacting activities of daily life including leisure, work, and treatment (kinesitherapy). The results also show a connection between gender and fatigue, although the dependence or independence between the two was not determined. Our findings suggest that fatigue is one of the three symptoms that causes significant difficulties for people with MS, affecting all areas of their functionality.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Conclusions</title> <p>In conclusion, this scientific paper highlights the importance of addressing fatigue in individuals with MS, as it can have a significant impact on their quality of life. Effective management strategies are essential to ensure the health, well-being, and recovery of affected SM patients. Further research is needed to understand the various causes of fatigue in MS and to develop effective interventions to address it.</p> </sec> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/tperj-2023-00012024-08-22T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/tperj-2023-0007<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <sec><title style='display:none'>Purpose</title> <p>The objective of the article is to reports on the quality of rehabilitation after total hip arthroplasty by measuring the parameters of joint mobility of the hip in abduction. extension and flexion, at 2, 4 and 6 weeks in which recovery exercises proposed by the physiotherapist were performed.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Material and method</title> <p>Joint mobility was measured by active (AROM) and passive (PROM) range of motion during abduction, extension and flexion of hip joint using a digital dynamometer called "Active Force 2". For the assessment of patients health status from a functional point of view, the WOMAC index (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index) was used.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Results</title> <p>The experimental data acquired in the measurement of hip AROM and hip PROM during abduction, extension and flexion at 2, 4 and 6 weeks of exercises performed after total hip arthroplasty are presented.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Conclusions</title> <p>The reported values can be used as indicators showing a better functional recovery of patients after total hip arthroplasty.</p> </sec> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/tperj-2023-00072024-08-22T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/tperj-2023-0004<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <sec><title style='display:none'>Introduction</title> <p>In modern volleyball, the vertical jump represents an important factor that conditions the achievement of sports performance.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Aim and purpose</title> <p>This study has monitored the integration of sensory technology through the Flash Reflex Training BlazePod system in a specific physical training program focused on the vertical jump development in the case of U15 female volleyball players.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Materials and methods</title> <p>This group consisted of 17 volleyball players (1.65 ±.059 m /48.65 ± 9,31 kg) with an experience of at least 3 years. The duration of the intervention was 10 weeks, twice a week. Predefined tests provided by the Optojump Next optical measuring system were used in this sense: the countermovement jump (CMJ), the squat jump (SJ), the 30 cm drop jump (DJ) and jumps 15 s (15 s).</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Results</title> <p>After 20 training sessions, 11 parameters out of the 16 measured have improved significantly (p&lt;0,001) as follows: the flight time increased at CMJ from.427 to.458 s, at SJ from.459 to.481 s, at DJ from.448 to.477 s; the jump height increased at CMJ from 22,32 to 25,86 cm, at SJ 26.10 to 28.53 cm, at DJ from 24.88 to 28.22; the specific energy increased at CMJ from 2.18 to 2.53 J/kg, at SJ 2.57 to 2.79 J/kg, at DJ from 2,42 to 2,76 J/kg, at 15 s from 45.20 to 48.59 J/kg; the average specific power at 15 s increased from 26.04 to 28.56 W/kg.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Conclusions</title> <p>The validation of the exercises’ effectiveness was given by the data obtained by applying the tests with the OptoJump Next system, confirming the hypothesis that this program has beneficial effects on the vertical jump of the volleyball players participating in the study.</p> </sec> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/tperj-2023-00042024-08-22T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/tperj-2023-0006<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <sec><title style='display:none'>Introduction</title> <p>Lower limb stability is critical for athletic performance, especially in sports that require quick movements, changes of direction, and high-impact activities like volleyball. Adequate lower limb stability not only improves sports performance but also aids in the prevention of lower extremity injuries. As a result, developing lower limb stability is critical for volleyball players who want to enhance their performance while minimizing their risk of injury.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Aim</title> <p>The aim of the study consisted in investigating the effects of an alternative method for developing dynamic stability of the lower limbs by using a flywheel (isoinertial) training device.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Material and method</title> <p>The study employed a randomized controlled trial design, with participants assigned to either an experimental group that underwent the flywheel resistance training program or a control group that performed the standard training intervention. Lower limb dynamic stability of the subjects was assessed using the Y Balance Test™. Composite reach distance index (CRD) has been calculated for both left (CRDL) and right (CRDR) legs. The intervention protocol consisted in 32 sessions using a flywheel training device.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Results</title> <p>Regarding the female groups, the results for the right lower limb show that when removing the covariate effect (initial test values), the impact of the intervention on the final values was significant F=4.69, p=.042, η²=.18. In the case of the left lower limb, the intervention was again statistically significant F=12.3, p=.002, η²=0.37. In the case of the male groups right lower limb, controlling for initial values, there is a statistically significant effect of the intervention on the final dynamic stability values for the experimental group F=5.73, p=.03, η²=.21. The same was observed for the left lower limb CRD of the male experimental group F=8.53, p=0.008, η²=0.29.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Conclusions</title> <p>The results of the covariation analysis showed a statistically significant lower limb stability improvement in the experimental groups compared to the control groups. This increase was recorded for both the right and left lower limbs of the male and female experimental groups.</p> </sec> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/tperj-2023-00062024-08-22T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/tperj-2023-0005<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This article <italic>aims</italic> to investigate the issue of gender equality in sports, specifically focusing on basketball, and shed light on the significant pay gap between male and female players. The article analyzes the historical context, current status, and contributing factors behind this disparity. Furthermore, the report aims to propose potential solutions to achieve gender pay equity in basketball.</p> <sec><title style='display:none'>Methods</title> <p>The study employed a comprehensive literature review approach to gather information on the historical and current state of gender equity in athletics, with a specific focus on basketball. Various sources, including academic papers, reports, and news articles, were analyzed to gain insights into the pay gap between male and female basketball players. Revenue disparities, sponsorship opportunities, and other factors influencing the gender pay gap were examined through a systematic review of relevant literature. Additionally, success stories and initiatives promoting gender equality in sports were considered.</p> </sec> <sec><title style='display:none'>Results</title> <p>The analysis revealed a long-standing gender pay gap in basketball, with male players consistently earning significantly higher salaries than their female counterparts. Despite some progress toward closing the gap, the earnings disparity remains considerable. The study identified several factors contributing to this pay gap, including revenue disparities between men's and women's basketball leagues, limited sponsorship opportunities for female players, and societal biases. Proposed solutions to achieve gender pay equity in basketball included increasing investment in women's basketball, promoting equal media coverage and exposure, implementing policies to ensure fair compensation, and fostering a supportive and inclusive sports culture. These measures aim to provide equal opportunities and resources for female basketball players, ultimately striving to create a more equitable and inclusive sports industry.</p> <p>In <italic>conclusion</italic>, achieving gender pay equity in basketball is a crucial step toward fostering equality in sports. The study highlights the historical context, current disparities, and contributing factors behind the gender pay gap in basketball. By implementing the proposed solutions and supporting female players, the sports industry can move closer to eliminating gender disparities and creating a more inclusive and equitable environment.</p> </sec> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/tperj-2023-00052024-08-22T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.1515/tperj-2016-0013<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p>In recent years there multiple studies have been carried out on early diagnosis of scoliosis on school and preschool children. The diagnosis and evaluation of scoliosis is done by carrying out X-rays. A protocol is implemented for tracking the evolution of a scoliosis which involves both clinical control and imaging (X-ray) every 6 months, until the end of the growth period of the child. Because investigations such as X-ray and CT, can have harmful effects on the child's growing body (recent studies have shown that X-ray affects the skin, eyes, hematopoietic tissue, gonads and may cause cancer), new methods for diagnosing and tracking the evolution in time were researched. The present paper tries to present the current methods used in the diagnosis and assessment of scoliosis evolution in time, pointing out the main advantages and disadvantages of each method. There are a few methods developed in recent years in Germany by Zebris Medical Gmbh (using mapping with ultrasonic digital equipment), in Canada by InSpeck (using three-dimensional mapping through digital image acquisition) but used on a small scale. The newly developed methods have the advantage of being non-invasive, painless, non-irradiating and they can be used regardless of health status or gender. Although medical technology has developed very rapidly in recent years, radiology remains the most common method of investigation used for scoliosis. Certainly, in the near future the methods presented in this paper could be used more widely, for the benefits arising from their use.</p></abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.1515/tperj-2016-00132017-03-04T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.1515/tperj-2016-0011<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p>Many studies indicate that an adequate physical fitness is an important marker for a healthy body and a healthy mind. The aim of the study was investigate the level of physical fitness of students aged 11-13. Depending on the results, we will determine the type of measures to propose in order to improve the obtained data.</p><p>251 volunteer students participated in this research, including 95 boys and 156 girls aged 11 to 13, who participated in the physical education class two times a week. Subjects underwent six anthropometric characteristics and five physical tests. For the statistical analysis the mean, standard deviation, and multiple comparisons were used in order to find the differences between genders, using Anova and Bonferoni Test for differences between certain age groups. Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, arm span, waist, hip, body mass index and physical testing as agility, balance and strength.</p><p>The findings suggest some differences between male and female subjects, as well as between age groups, namely boys obtained higher mean results compared to girls.</p></abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.1515/tperj-2016-00112017-03-04T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.1515/tperj-2016-0012<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p>Achieving superior performance parameters in major competitions has highlighted a number of issues that characterize the current basketball game practiced by the best teams in the world. Depending on the height, role, importance and the effectiveness of players on their positions, specific models are to be observed in the case of senior teams [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="j_tperj-2016-0012_ref_001_w2aab2b8ab1b7b1ab1ab1Aa">1</xref>].</p><p>In this paper we present a comparative study regarding the parameters’ models in the men's basketball games during the World Championships in Japan - 2006, in Turkey - 2010 and in Spain - 2014. Along with data interpretation, we tried to effectively bring our scientific contribution in shaping a model significant for the international basketball games, useful for the specialists in the field. Centralization of the statistical data used in our study was useful in calculating the averages for each game parameter and the increasing value for each tournament, managing to achieve a precise statistical comparison. The values encountered in this comparative research showed growth or regression trends for the game parameters.</p><p>In conclusion, trends of progress or regress, referring to the statistical model parameters involved in the game, pragmatically showed, that in the game of basketball – training is the key to success.</p></abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.1515/tperj-2016-00122017-03-04T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.1515/tperj-2016-0009<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p>Physical education classes, at primary school level, are based on developing psychomotor skills, out of which the most important are coordination and speed. At this age, skills like coordination, speed or the two combined, namely agility, are developed the best. Agility is an important characteristic of motor development, a quality needed to maintain and control body position while changing direction.</p><p>Our study focuses on a primary school class that practices physical education and we tried to see how they develop their combined coordination and speed skills. We choose to use a set of six agility tests that analyze the main components of agility like speed of movement, lateral movement, balance, coordination: Illinois Agility, Agility T-test, Agility Cone, Box Drill, AFL Agility, Arrowhead agility test and so on. After using some specific programs to develop speed and coordination we used the same tests and saw the improved results. We had two groups that we worked with, first group, the experimental group, included 16 students (age 10±1.3 years; body mass 40.3±5.4 kg; body height 142.3±5.1); the control group, included 19 students (age 10±1.6 years; body mass 43.6±3.4 kg; body height 138.5±4.7).</p><p>Results showed that the experimental group developed skills like speed, coordination and agility easier than the other group. Statistically significant differences were determined within the experimental group both in the initial and in the final tests (p&lt;0.05), also significant differences were discovered between the experimental and the control group in the final measurement (p&lt;0.05).</p><p>Conclusions. The Hypothesis of this study was confirmed - participation of young children in special programs for developing agility skills can prove to be very constructive for their future by developing skills like speed, coordination, lateral movement etc.</p></abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.1515/tperj-2016-00092017-03-04T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.1515/tperj-2016-0010<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p>Here is how Cédric sees people eating French fries, six month after entering a bodybuilding training room: « If I give it greasy food (speaking about his body), I run the risk of being nauseated by these chips and the organism will not miss out on the chance of stocking all this unhoped for fat, which would ruin 5 weeks of daily efforts. Ridiculous! ». Certain foods become a source of aversion; eating is no longer a pleasure. These words are even more surprising when discovering Cédric’s dietary habits. Indeed, he eats alternatively 33 grams of plain rice and then, one hour later, 100 grams of chicken, which he repeats 16 times a day. In order to stay awake, he takes pure caffeine, in addition to the usual products: vitamins and food supplements. How is such a fast change in food tastes and distastes possible? How does it occur? This can only be understood by examining the logic that governs the world of bodybuilding. Each aspect of life is reorganized around one single aim: maximal muscular development. Thus, increasing muscular mass is the ultimate aim of bodybuilders, which means that pleasure can only come from activities that bring them closer to this aim. Eating becomes a completely instrumental activity; bodybuilders speak of « nutrimentation ». Phases of drastic dieting are followed by calorific orgies. These modifications are the result of the continuous inculcation of puritan ethics which progressively organize every aspect of their life.</p></abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.1515/tperj-2016-00102017-03-04T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.1515/tperj-2016-0014<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p><italic>Aim:</italic> The paper’s purpose is to determine the existence of differences in anthropometric and postural characteristics in specific sport branches, in this case, to find the ergonomic posture for athletes in the area of volleyball. Differences can be used by professional teams and sport clubs in the selection of new athletes, in improving performance monitoring for the active athletes and in determining specific ergonomic position for each sport.</p><p><italic>Materials and methods:</italic> Participants included in the study were seven active athletes (all male volleyball representatives) aged 16 to 23. They had been involved in a series of non-invasive tests using a postural baro-podometric electronic platform consisting of a pressure plate with 6400 active sensors. This unit examines the pressure orthostatic bipedal (static exam) and balance (stabilometric exam) using Miletrix 2.0 software exams that have produced a number of parameters and indicators. After analyzing and comparing the obtained parameters, analytical and graphical differences were observed between the volleyball athletes’ in regard to posture.</p><p><italic>Results:</italic> The differences occur because of various exercises used in motor development and specific skills needed in each sport.</p><p><italic>Conclusion:</italic> Proving these differences by using a small number of indicators and parameters, applied on just 7 athletes included in the study, opens new ways and offers new opportunities for further scientific analysis of this field, with the final goal of being able to suggest the best suitable sport for an individual based only on a few, fast, non-invasive measurements, able to tell if an individual suits the ergonomic posture specific for that certain sport.</p></abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.1515/tperj-2016-00142017-03-04T00:00:00.000+00:00en-us-1