rss_2.0Sciendo RSS Feed for Transport technic and technologyhttps://sciendo.com/journal/TTThttps://www.sciendo.comhttps://sciendo-parsed-data-feed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/60085fc0f9eaaf7ec46fec82/cover-image.jpghttps://sciendo.com/journal/TTT140216https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2022-0008<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This article is aimed at introducing the issue of simulating traffic processes and the possibility of creating traffic models using software solutions. The introduction describes the basic problems that are present for the responsible authority in the decision-making process on the implementation of transport infrastructure projects and the verification of the validity of their implementation. The importance of computer technology in the process of evaluating projects and the socioeconomic effects they bring is also mentioned. The benefits of retrospective evaluation of already implemented projects and comparison with predictions made in the preparation process in relation to the verification of forecasts and the structure and scope of input data are also indicated. In the next part, the starting points for the creation of traffic models, input data and expected outputs are summarized due to the nature of the performed simulation. The final part provides an overview of the possibilities of using software solutions for the creation of traffic models and the suitability of their application according to the specifics of the simulation and output requirements.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2022-00082023-01-19T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2022-0009<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Railway undertakings face many challenges and obstacles to competition in the transport market. Strategic management methods in relation to quality assurance of services provided by carriers, used not only in transport sectors but also in industrial sectors, are a way to continuously improve the quality of services and thus the competitiveness of railway undertakings. Nowadays, customers are becoming more and more demanding, also in view of the wider range of services offered by other modes of transport. For this reason, quality requirements are increasing. Most business strategy evaluation systems are only partial, limiting themselves to the assessment of certain factors where many shortcomings remain hidden. In the same way, a strategic plan for the economic growth and development of a transport organisation does not always ensure the achievement of the set objectives.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2022-00092023-01-19T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2022-0011<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>We currently rank road transport as one of the largest producers of harmful substances. In relation to the environment, we can say that it is a source of emissions, vibrations, and, last but not least, noise. Transport (especially road) puts pressure on land and contributes greatly to global environmental problems. Especially in road transport, a large number of accidents occur, which are reflected in material and especially human losses, as well as in congestion, which manifests itself in the loss of time. Global production of pollutant emissions is associated with the development of transport, an increase in transport performance, and fuel consumption. The Ministry of Transport considers it one of the largest in terms of the number of emissions produced. Today, a lot of attention is paid to ecology and especially to air quality. This article talks about the extent to which transport can adjust air quality and how difficult it is to prevent the number of emissions produced. Several actions and different methods are needed to answer these questions. The basis is the creation of a unified system of product production evaluation in the entire monitored area.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2022-00112023-01-19T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2022-0007<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>At present, in business practice, we meet the requirements of the employer for employees to work better, faster and better in order to satisfy the customer as much as possible. It often happens that this requirement on the part of the employer is evaluated subjectively and then subsequently the presentation of the results of the employees’ work is not objective. Several methods can be used to improve the evaluation process, and in our case we used an evaluation system using a full-fledged feedback methodology.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2022-00072023-01-19T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2022-0004<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The COVID-19 pandemic crisis has had a major impact on the supply, demand, and economic performance of rail transport. The largest impact was recorded in the second quarter of 2020, from April to June. Passenger transport was more affected than freight transport, with international transport falling by an average of 85% in the second quarter of 2020. The reduction in rail transport in the first months of the crisis was a direct consequence of the public authorities’ response to the COVID-19 crisis (restrictions on passenger mobility) as well as the impact of the global economic slowdown, which generally led to a reduction in transport demand. The paper is focused on the impact of measures in railway passenger transport and subsequently on the implementation of new anti-pandemic measures in the next period. The paper describes the method of the Covid machine, which was introduced for a simple, concise, and comprehensible setting of the system of measures. The system for evaluating anti-pandemic measures is designed to inform about the current level of risk in relation to the measure in place.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2022-00042023-01-19T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2022-0006<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Simulation is one of the methods in which a real system is substituted with a computer model where experiments are practiced and then subsequently analyzed and evaluated. After the application of the results of simulation and verification of its effects the results are applied in the real system with the aim to optimize processes. It seems that simulation is appropriate tool which offers all useful information about how model system works in given conditions. Simulation in planning and optimizing allows better and faster understanding of processes and guarantees that operational devices will work at the top of their effectiveness. Simulation plays an important role in optimization of logistic chains organization. There is a need to analyze strictly, find narrow places, remove them and consequently to repeat simulation with the new data. It is also very profitable to parallelly simulate more possible alternatives when there is a change in input data and consequently to compare them. The model of logistic chain created by simulation will considerably influence right decisions in process solving related to distribution. Subsequent optimization of logistic chain management can be aimed at the organization where the sum of final costs for transport and warehousing is minimum in compliance with basic parameters of customers’ service level.</p> <p>In the paper classic systems of the management of logistic chains are compared, namely direct distribution and indirect distribution made by technology Cross-Dock canter. Final comparative analysis of both systems simulation points out not only to their advantages and disadvantages but also to the possibilities of their optimization and application in particular operational conditions.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2022-00062023-01-19T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2022-0005<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Accommodation wagons and night trains have a relatively long tradition in Europe and have been a popular and developed segment of transport for decades. However, at the end of the last century, the trend began to change, and long-distance night traffic began to stagnate. The consequence was the significant restriction and cancellation of several direct international night train connections or direct accommodation wagons in several European countries, including Slovakia, also due to the fast and affordable air transport. In addition, the period of the corona crisis limited long-distance night transport even more significantly. However, bold plans are now emerging in certain countries to reintroduce more night train services. The article deals with a brief analysis of the development of night train connections in Europe, including the current state and vision for the future, while providing systematic conceptual proposals for the development of the mentioned transport segment in the future.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2022-00052023-01-19T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2022-0010<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The operation of railway passenger transport is characterized by high economic costs and also high requirements for personnel and vehicle means. Existing rail transport operators aim to provide transport services as modern, efficient and cost-effective as possible, while meeting all safety and quality standards. In the case of public service obligations, they must also respect the requirements of the contracts. Currently, a significant transformation of the railway passenger transport operation throughout Slovakia is being prepared in order to increase its efficiency, sustainability and quality. This primarily concerns public service obligations. The line Košice - Prešov - Lipany - Plaveč - (Muszyna) (line No 188) will also be affected. Transport services on this line will be significantly modified and intensified, inter alia, because of the introduction of an integrated transport system in the relevant region. The Route 188 service plans were prepared in two different Transport Service Plans (TSPs). The first one was prepared by the Prešov and Košice Regions. In parallel with the first TSP, a second TSP was prepared by the Ministry of Transport and Construction of the Slovak Republic (MT&amp;C SR) for the entire Slovak railway network, which also includes line No 188. There are several differences in the proposlas included in TSPs for the line in question. The main objective of this paper is to compare the traffic service proposals in the individual TSPs developed for Line No. 188 based on a comparison with the status quo and a comparison of selected operational indicators, as well as to determine the basic advantages and disadvantages.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2022-00102023-01-19T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2022-0003<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The level of development of railway transport is one of the indicators of the economic development of the state. If the state regularly invests in large volumes in railway infrastructure, it creates conditions for the operation of quality passenger and freight rail transport. Analytical comparison of railway infrastructures is key to understanding the increasingly abysmal differences between the quality of railway infrastructure in the two countries. The comparison will be made mainly from the Network Statement of both countries.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2022-00032022-08-17T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2022-0001<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Since the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on rail transport in the EU. The slowdown in the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has been achieved by reducing the mobility of the population. The reduction in mobility has had an impact on passenger transport performance. The number of national rail passengers fell by as much as 90% during the first wave of the pandemic compared to the previous year. Several operators, especially new carriers, had to close down, while rail freight operators reported a dramatic drop in volumes as many sectors slowed or even stopped production as a result of the pandemic. The second wave of the autumn 2020 pandemic has forced many countries to take further restrictive measures regarding population mobility. The outbreak of the third wave of the pandemic has prevented a rapid recovery in rail transport, especially for passenger rail services. The paper focuses on the analysis of the impact of the pandemic and the measures put in place on the development of transport performance in rail transport in the Slovak Republic during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper proposes operational and organizational measures against the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in railway transport in the Slovak Republic.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2022-00012022-08-17T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2022-0002<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>At present, new knowledge about the physical nature and empirical phenomena in the field of distribution, losses, recuperation and consumption of electricity in railway transport is undergoing revolutionary changes. To date, the outputs of various types of traction electricity consumption on electric traction units (HEKV) and in the railway distribution network of the EU railway infrastructure manager (LDSŽ - Local Distribution System of Railways) have not been theoretically or practically analysed in available publications or on the scientific market. There are no empirical or experimental calculations and mathematical models at the level of mathematical approximation and intelligent prediction, i.e. at the level of preparation of technical specifications and documentation for expert software and effective ICT solutions to this problem. Research into new phenomena in the field of railway energy and research in the field of railway energy and research into expert systems and machine learning. The article describes the basic characteristics of determining the prediction of energy efficiency of traction electricity. Brings the results of the project “Research of new knowledge in the field of intelligent energy efficiency management system in rail transport using a modular neural network”, which aims to innovate procedures in solving the problem and didactic transformation of scientific content to simplify them into a subject understandable to students as interpretive and application concept of didactics of professional subjects. Transform the curriculum into students’ knowledge, attitudes and habits using teaching methods, organizational forms and material resources.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2022-00022022-08-17T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2021-0010<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>An electric hoist could be considered as the most important component of an electric overhead crane. Electric hoists are material handling equipment used for lifting, lowering, and transporting materials and products. They are powered by an electric motor and have a controller to adjust the lifting parameters. Three-phase induction motors are most often used as electric lifting motors for bridge cranes. This paper concerns the design of the power of the electric lifting motor for an electric hoist of the single girder bridge crane with the 500 kg load capacity. It represents the design of the electric lifting motor according to a commonly used scheme for the design of electric motors, from the power at a uniform load to the relative load of the motor. Based on the input data, the necessary motor parameters are calculated using Microsoft Excel. The main parameter is the static power of the motor, the calculated value of which is 0.823 kW. Based on the value of this power, a three-phase induction motor 1.1 kW, MS90-4 is selected. This electric lifting motor is suitable for the above-mentioned bridge crane, as it meets the condition of torque overload.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2021-00102021-12-27T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2021-0007<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The parking problem is a severe challenge in city planning because of its impact on road congestion and accidents, delay time, and cities’ economy. therefore, many cities conducted different studies, reports, and projects to find the number of parking generation as it related to land use, in form equations, rates, and even data plots by using different independent variables. Iraq, till now, does not have a comprehensive study of parking requirements, or in specific how many parking spaces the different land uses are generated or needed. The general situation in Baghdad city at present is inadequate public transportation, few transportation alternatives, large private car use. besides the high illegal parking on the roads which means higher traffic density and congestion roads. this research studies three different shopping centers in Baghdad and analysis their parking generation as related to three different independent variables. these variables are GFA, GLA, and entertainment percentage where each variable is analyzed separately. the analysis was done based on parking accumulation in these sites. as it was counted manually for three days for Parking counting time that selected according to the peak of visitors for Retail is from 4 pm – 11 pm. in a result several parking generation rates and models with different forms are developed by using simple linear regression and only the best of them that has high R2 value and low RMSE is recommended. from the conclusion, the GFA and GLA have the most significant effect on parking generation as they developed strong models and rates. as these rates are 4.1 and 4.57 parking spaces for each 100 m2 of GFA and GLA respectively.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2021-00072021-12-27T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2021-0011<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>As the modernisation of the cities, railway road construction and modernisation of existing lines are demanded during the past decades more than before. Demand of short travel time is one the reasons that we redesign of existed railway roads and modernisation process. Tunnel construction is one the ways that we can shorten travel time in the existing railway roads. In this study, we introduced one of the commonly used tunnel construction methods, New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM), and some of important points of that method regarding tunnel excavation and bearing capacity of excavation support system. Furthermore, we gave some information about some tunnels which shortens the travel time and some tunnel project examples which are constructed with this method. The main purpose of construction of all these tunnels are to shorten the travel time of the existing railway line due to increasing on population and urbanization.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2021-00112021-12-27T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2021-0012<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Working conditions for drivers in the European Union and Slovakia are governed by European and National regulations. Regulations lay down rules on driving times, breaks and rest periods for drivers of lorries and buses to improve working conditions and road safety. There is no doubt that with increasing freight performance, the number of carriers and vehicles in the field of road freight transport is also increasing. Therefore, in connection with the current EU legislation, which aims to increase road safety, attention is paid to adopting regulations for all road haulage operators and carriers. The purpose of this paper is to show difference between road freight transport performed by vehicles up to 3,5 tonnes and vehicles transporting goods where the maximum permissible mass of the vehicle, including any trailer, or semi-trailer, exceeds 3,5 tonnes.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2021-00122021-12-27T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2021-0008<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Night urban transport in Slovakia is realized by public transport only in selected regional cities. In the long run, due to the increasingly available taxi services and the lack of connection between rail transport and night public transport, it has a declining share in passenger transport. A new operation proposal is necessary for the regional city of Žilina, which considers not only the factor of continuity, but also other factors, such as economical operation and travel expenses. The main task of the article is therefore to propose a more usable concept that will attract as many satisfied passengers as possible to this segment of public transport.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2021-00082021-12-27T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2021-0013<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The state of the environment is deteriorating due to human activity. Today, almost no major international forum can avoid addressing environmental issues. Environmental protection has therefore become a mandatory issue for every responsible politician. In addition to contributing to economic growth, the role of road transport should be to ensure sustainable transport and solutions for people and goods around the world. The European Parliament has adopted Directive 2019/1161 on the promotion of environmentally friendly and energy-efficient road transport vehicles, which defines the obligations and forms of support for the procurement of environmentally friendly vehicles. In addition to these transport tasks, there is also a challenge to reduce CO2 emissions in transport through the use of new technologies in transport. Also in road freight transport, there are currently vehicles that use alternative fuels with a more favorable environmental impact. In connection with the current EU legislation, which aims to increase the share of these vehicles, attention is paid to the contribution of this area, analysis and examination of the current situation with trucks with alternative propulsion.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2021-00132021-12-27T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2021-0009<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The current conditions of the railway infrastructure near the M. R. Štefánik Airport is analysed as unsatisfactory. The current form of the railway infrastructure of the monitored area is not adapted to the creation of a suitable place for boarding and alighting of passengers. The point determined for boarding and alighting of passengers must be at a reasonable distance from the M. R. Štefánik Airport terminal. This distance must be able to be overcome by walking so that it is not necessary to use another mode of transport to move between these places. The article deals with the possibilities of connecting of M. R. Štefánik Airport to the ŽSR network. The basis for the proposal to connect M. R. Štefánik Airport with a suitable infrastructure ŽSR network within the framework of railway passenger transport is the determination of a suitable transfer point. One of the logical priorities is to place the transfer point as close as possible to the air transport terminal of the M. R. Štefánik Airport within the space possibilities and technical conditions.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2021-00092021-12-27T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2021-0001<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The article concerns the analysis of the influence of pressure on the noise generated by tires. The largest source of noise and vibrations is the cooperation of the wheels with the surface and the aerodynamic noise. For this purpose, seven winter tires, seven summer tires and one all-season tire were tested in the same region and same conditions. By changing the pressure in them in the range of 1-3 bar, the noise of the tires was measured. On the basis of the conducted tests, it can be concluded that with the decrease of tire pressure, the noise level of the tire decreases. The average noise drop recorded during tests for all types of tested tires is about 1.5 dB at a pressure drop of approx. 2 bar. The decrease in noise at reduced pressure is also dependent on the size of the tire and the softness of the mixture used for the production of tires. When operating the vehicle, follow the manufacturer's tire pressure recommendations.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2021-00012021-07-15T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2021-0004<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The paper focuses on construction layout of railway stations, mainly platforms for boarding passenger trains. Platform layout has significant impact to the operation of trains, because passengers cross some tracks horizontally, when the train boarding is necessary. Horizontal track crossings cause possible dangerous situations from passengers’ point of view as well as operational problems from dispatcher point of view, because other trains have to slow or stop their ride. It may cause delays and it negatively influences timetable planning too. The problem is deeply analysed and described in a case study of Opatov railway station.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ttt-2021-00042021-07-15T00:00:00.000+00:00en-us-1