rss_2.0Sciendo RSS Feed for Valahian Journal of Economic Studieshttps://sciendo.com/journal/VJEShttps://www.sciendo.comhttps://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64739c354e662f30ba543e84/cover-image.jpghttps://sciendo.com/journal/VJES140216https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2024-0004<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This study investigates the varying levels of financial and non-financial information disclosure among firms in the European Union, specifically focusing on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (FSE) and Bucharest Stock Exchange (BSE). The research uses comprehensive datasets to evaluate the extent and quality of disclosures, assessing their compliance with EU directives and international standards. The analysis incorporates a quantitative method to provide a nuanced understanding of disclosure practices. Key findings highlight significant disparities in disclosure levels between FSEs and BSEs, driven by differences in regulatory environments, market pressures, and organizational characteristics.</p> <p>The study concludes with recommendations for policymakers and corporate managers to enhance transparency and promote uniform disclosure standards across the EU.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2024-00042024-07-05T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2024-0007<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The financial audit report is a valuable tool for ensuring financial transparency and integrity within a company. By presenting the audit results in detail, the report contributes to creating a relationship of trust between the company and its stakeholders. By evaluating procedures and systems, auditors can identify risks and deficiencies within the company, creating the opportunity for company management to act to improve processes by effectively managing resources and achieving set goals. Starting from the premise that by presenting correct and reliable financial information, the audit report provides management and shareholders with a solid basis for making well-informed and substantiated decisions, we set out to analyze the decision-makers’ perceptions of the role and importance of the financial audit for business continuity companies. The research is qualitative, as it is about the realization of a situation survey, based on a questionnaire within several companies, the respondents being their decision-makers. The conclusions of our study can be a starting point for carrying out research in the field, the issue of the reliability of the financial and accounting information presented in the financial reports remains topical, even though digitalization tends to capture the field of accounting and auditing as well, the standardization of information is one of the consequences this process.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2024-00072024-07-05T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2024-0006<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Destination marketing is a complex process that involves creating a unique identity for a location, which is essential for attracting visitors and promoting the destination. This identity is created through a comprehensive branding approach beyond just creating logos. Instead, it involves a 360-degree holistic approach that considers the destination's heritage, values, and other key elements that make it stand out from other locations. Once the destination's brand has been established, it forms the foundation of all marketing activities to promote the location and attract new visitors. All content and messages should be aligned with the destination's brand identity to ensure consistency and maximum impact. The brand of a destination is crucial to its success, and this is especially true for Romanian tourism. This is why we are highly motivated to develop a comprehensive branding model that will help establish a strong brand identity for Romanian tourism. This model will be based on careful research and analysis of the unique characteristics of Romanian tourism, including its heritage, values, and other key elements that make it a popular destination for visitors.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2024-00062024-07-05T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2024-0003<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Tax regulation issues have been the focus since the COVID-19 crisis and the subsequent EU energy crisis. From the Keynesian approach, the expansionary fiscal policy of states can contribute to stimulating aggregate demand and, as a consequence, economic growth, on the other hand, the post-crisis macroeconomic policy trend has become fiscal compression (budget consolidation), corresponding to the neoliberal paradigm. This policy has been actively promoted by the supranational institutions of EU, which, with the help of various instruments of fiscal regulation, have effectively imposed budgetary consolidation on member countries.</p> <p>Considering that the European Commission continues to urge countries to better the sustainability of their public finances and believes that the situation with the tax system is only safe in some EU countries, while in others, it finds significant imbalances, exceptionally high levels of public debt, which need to be corrected by the Stability and Growth Pact mechanisms, the relevance of this study is beyond doubt.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2024-00032024-07-05T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2024-0010<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Analyzed from a social, educational and psychological point of view, the phenomenon of bullying has become a global concern in all schools. Taking into account the harmful effects they have on all educational factors (children, parents and teachers), governments around the world to create some policies and dedicated to the prevention and reduction of bullying in the school environment. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of acts of violence and intimidation, both in schools and in the online environment, becoming a problem not only in high schools in Romania, but also in secondary and even primary schools. Thus, although the statistics are worrying, legislative changes in the field of bullying in the educational system in Romania are at the beginning of the road and aspects are generally aimed at prevention. The present paper proposes to bring to the fore the need to develop an integrated intervention strategy in cases of school bullying, by involving the decision-making factors.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2024-00102024-07-05T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2024-0009<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The emergence of new technologies, especially artificial intelligence (AI), disrupts the functioning of organizations on many levels (processes, organization, strategy, communication, finance, etc.). These changes particularly affect the managerial function at the heart of organizations. AI is changing many aspects of managers' work, such as planning, organizing and monitoring work, as well as human resource management, including recruiting, training and developing employees.</p> <p>Technological advances, including AI, have profoundly influenced project management, leading to significant changes in the way projects are planned, organized, and monitored. Artificial intelligence is playing an increasingly important role in project management, providing managers with useful tools and data for decision-making and resource optimization. This can bring efficiency and precision to project management, helping to achieve set goals more effectively.</p> <p>The use of these new work tools that make it possible to improve the efficiency of tasks calls into question the existing management practices and requires an upgrade of the skills of managers so that they can fulfill their mission. In addition to the technical skills essential to handling new technological tools, managers must demonstrate emotional intelligence and openness to fulfill their role. Indeed, the introduction of new AI technologies within organizations can have direct and indirect effects on the work of managers. On the one hand, they have to adapt to the technologies that target their own tasks. On the other hand, they need to adapt their management methods to support their employees in the digital transformation that affects other aspects of the organization's operation. In this article, we first outline the main AI technologies used in the managerial field, followed by the advantages and potential these technologies offer to organizations. We then focus on the changes in the role and responsibilities of managers and the new skills they need to develop to succeed in their new work environment. The last part of the article addresses the challenges and problems that the application of these technologies raises in relation to the managerial profession.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2024-00092024-07-05T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2024-0002<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This research paper addresses a central problem: how coaching assists university students in launching startups and transitioning into entrepreneurs. This study aims to analyze to what extent coaching contributes to helping university students start their own projects at the level of the faculty of Economics, Commerce, and Management. The study's findings highlight several key points, the most important of which is that coaching has become a path to follow, especially since it led students to adopt an entrepreneurial orientation, which also allowed them to dissipate their fear and talk about their ideas for their project. Moreover, coaching made it possible to realize the talents enabling the student to innovate in a project/create a start-up. However, the study also identifies certain shortcomings, the most important of which is that the training did not help some students to prepare their first model, and it is, therefore, advisable to subsequently train a specialized coach for each student and that he starts with him from the beginning until his idea came to fruition on the ground.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2024-00022024-07-05T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2024-0008<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The present research aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the degradation of Romania’s demographic situation, with a particular focus on the implications of the aging trend. The study aims to investigate how this demographic shift may lead, in the absence of reformation measures, to elevated levels of poverty, social exclusion, and dependency among the elderly population. The contributing factors to this phenomenon include migration patterns, negative natural population growth, and the increasing life expectancy of the population. These factors collectively result in a growing imbalance between the elderly and working-age populations. The repercussions of this demographic shift include heightened pension costs, increased public debt, exacerbated social inequalities, and a potential hinderance to economic growth.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2024-00082024-07-05T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2024-0001<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This study aims to investigate the influence of political stability, unemployment, and income inequality on the economic growth of Nepal while also exploring the reciprocal impact of economic growth, unemployment, and political stability on income inequality within the country. It only uses secondary data from various World Bank reports and Nepal's economic surveys. It only covers 32 data points spanning from 1991 to 2022. The descriptive and exploratory research designs are used in this study. Simple statistical tools like correlation analysis, Unstandardized and standardized regression analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), residual statistics, histogram, and scatterplot for residual analysis are used in this analysis. Unemployment has negative and political stability positively impacts economic growth in Nepal. One percent increase in unemployment results in a 1.920 percent decrease in economic growth. Likewise, one percent increase in the political stability index results in a 0.804 percent increase in economic growth in Nepal. Unemployment hurts more on economic growth than income inequality in Nepal. Unemployment, political stability, and GDP growth are individually and jointly affected by income inequality in the nation. Political stability and economic growth decrease income inequality, but unemployment increases income inequality in the Nepalese economy. One unit increase in the political stability index and economic growth results in -4.356 and -0.117 unit decrease in income inequality in Nepal. The political stability index has a multiplier effect in decreasing income inequality. Unemployment causes income inequality. One unit increase in unemployment results in a 1.121 unit increase in income inequality. Unemployment has a multiplier effect on income determination in Nepal. About 39.7 percent variation in economic growth is determined by political stability, unemployment, and income inequality, but 46.7 percent in income inequality is determined by unemployment, economic growth, and political stability. Policymakers should consider a holistic approach that addresses income inequality, unemployment, and political stability to foster sustainable and inclusive economic growth. The abstract is not a substitute for the introduction.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2024-00012024-07-05T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2024-0005<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The present study explores the impact of different leadership styles on the effective motivation of employees and hence on increasing organizational performance. Starting from the premise that a leadership style can play a crucial role in determining the level of employee motivation engagement and satisfaction, this research focuses on identifying the link between leadership style and employees work outcomes. In the specialized literature, leadership styles are frequently discussed in the context of employee motivation. By applying a mixed methodology, which combines quantitative analysis of survey data with qualitative case studies, the research aims to provide an in-depth understanding of how these leadership styles directly influence employee motivation and, indirectly, their performance. The results are expected to show a significant correlation between employee-oriented leadership styles and high levels of motivation, suggesting that leaders who adopt a more involved and supportive approach can significantly improve organizational performance. This research contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence that underscores the importance of adopting appropriate leadership styles to maximize employee potential and optimize organizational outcomes. The findings provide valuable insights for organizational leaders and HR practitioners in developing effective leadership strategies to promote a motivating and high-performing work environment.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2024-00052024-07-05T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2023-0011<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The present study examines the influence of the principal’s leadership style on the teachers’ commitment. The research question is: What is the correlation between the school principal’s leadership style and teachers’ sense of commitment? The research population is from The Triangle, a concentration of Israeli Arab towns and villages adjacent to the Green Line. The settlements are home to approximately 300,000 Arab citizens of Israel, representing about 24%% of Israel’s Palestinian Arab population who are Muslim. 352 teachers participated in the study, of which 275 were women (78.1%), and 77 were men (21.9%), most of them in the age range of 35-55. The teachers teach in middle schools and high schools. The research tools used in the study include two questionnaires: 1) Multi-factor Leadership Questionnaire – MLQ by Bass and Avolio [1990], which includes 36 items that measure nine leadership styles indices. 20 items examine transformational leadership, 12 items examine transactional leadership, and 4 items examine Laissez-faire leadership. 2) The Allen and Meyer [199] commitment to school questionnaire. The questionnaire includes 16 items, 8 first items examine affective commitment to the organization and 8 last items examine continuing commitment to the organization. The scale is between 1 and 4. Hypothesis H1 was confirmed, the study findings showed that there are positive relationships of moderate and significant strengths between all leadership indicators and commitment indicators while high levels of leadership (transformational, transactional and laissez-faire) the teacher reported about his principal, are associated with high levels of affective and continuance commitment. In addition, it was found that the relationship between transactional leadership and affective commitment is (slightly) stronger than the relationship between transformational leadership and affective commitment.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2023-00112024-01-29T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2023-0020<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The study was on Nigeria’s CC, PGR, and economic growth (1986-2021). Secondary data collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, World Bank, WDI, and Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) were analyzed using unit root test, Auto-regressive distributed lag model (ARDL) for climate change since variables were of I(1) &amp; I(0) as there was no co-integration. In contrast, the Error Correction Model (ECM) was used for population growth rate as variables were of I(1) and I(0), and there was co-integration. The GC test was adopted to determine the causal relationship among variables. The results showed that the coefficient values of lag one and two of LNRGDP had a significant relation with economic growth at both 10% and 1%, respectively, while lag three period of CAE was significant at a 5% level of probability. The study showed that birth growth rate and net migration positively and negatively impacted economic growth. It also showed unidirectional causality between crude death rate and economic growth and life expectancy at birth with economic growth. The study, therefore, recommends that the government invest in critical policies (real sectors of the economy) for economic growth and research the area of clean energy and eco-friendly approaches and population management with awareness campaigns that can ensure sustainable economic development.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2023-00202024-01-29T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2023-0014<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Business strategies often only skim the surface of the matter at hand, presenting general and vague descriptions of the direction of development without providing specifics or hinting at their essence. Strategies must be operationalized to effectively drive concrete actions and results, i.e., presented with a higher degree of specificity. Avoiding streamlined formulations and providing clear and objective language can aid in creating an engaging and mobilizing strategy. Questioning techniques can be employed as an initial phase in operationalizing business strategy. The inquiries used to construct the business strategy are founded on the fundamental questions applicable to any economy – “For whom?”, “What?”, and “How?”. These questions point to the market-product-technology trinity, which constitutes the essential components of any business and, consequently, any business strategy. In addition,, it is important to ask further questions that clarify the relationships between different elements of the business to formulate a strong business strategy. A fair assessment of the developed strategy’s efficacy can be made by providing specific answers to these questions.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2023-00142024-01-29T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2023-0016<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The accelerated expansion of the global economic milieu, catalyzed by the inception of the Internet, has facilitated seamless communication across nations. This phenomenon has induced a transformation in the business landscapes of individual countries, escalating market competitiveness annually. The pervasive incorporation of contemporary technologies within organizations profoundly impacts the skill set, anticipations, cognizance, and overall structure and execution of work within the workforce. Modern leadership is often encapsulated under various nomenclatures such as digital leadership, e-leadership, and eHRM. These terminologies serve as comprehensive descriptors encompassing the realms of digitalization, Information Technology (IT), and Human Resource Management (HRM). Consequently, it becomes imperative to comprehend the disparities between traditional and virtual settings, acknowledge the significance of digital technology in leadership paradigms, identify potential challenges, and cultivate requisite leadership skills. The proposed research explores the correlation between leadership and organizational efficacy within multinational corporations. The focus is on discerning potential cause-effect relationships, aligning with the positivist paradigm. The investigation will employ a deductive approach, congruent with positivist hypotheses, deemed suitable for probing this query.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2023-00162024-01-29T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2023-0013<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This research examines how investment risk is treated within a selection of 667 articles from the Web of Science database, made by applying keywords and filters, within a bibliometric analysis. The keywords by which the selection was made were investment risk, and the specific filters were: the authors’ countries of origin, EU states, and the articles to be published in the period 2019-2023 in order to identify current risks associated with investments. To ensure that the aspects analyzed are from the economic field, we chose the fields of economics, management, and business in the Web of Science categories. In Citation Topics Meso, we chose the subfields of economics and management.</p> <p>The authors’ territorial distribution and affiliation were analyzed using the Web of Science and VOS viewer software functions. The analysis of the density of words and phrases associated with investment risk was substantiated with the help of Word Cloud software, Word Art, and VOSviewer software, applying the co-occurrence filter. The results generated after filtering reveal 5 clusters with a total of 87 words that are associated with investment risk, appearing at least 10 times. In addition, besides the words risk and investments, other terms with strong links in the selection were performance, impact, determinants, market, growth, and liquidity. The associations resulting from our research can form the basis of other research regarding the decision to invest and the classification of the investments or the risks to which the investment process is subject.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2023-00132024-01-29T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2023-0017<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The paper discusses the problem of establishing the communication budget in one of the most active sectors regarding marketing communication, the banking one. Firstly, we highlight the particularities of communication in the banking sector, based on the results presented in the specialized literature. The functions of marketing communication and the communication process are applied to the specifics of banking institutions and the main communication models that banks can use are indicated, depending on the objectives pursued. Also, the main means of banking communication and how they can be associated with marketing objectives are synthesized. Based on diversification of the means of communication, we emphasized the attention that banks must pay to integrated marketing communication, a concept whose application contributes to the efficiency of communication at the level of each targeted category. In the second part, we addressed the methods that banking institutions can apply to size their communication budget and how the efficiency of its allocation can be evaluated. The data presented are based on the documentary study and the realization of a case study applied to the banking field in Romania. Although the results show that the banking sector in Romania is one of the sectors with the highest advertising expenses, the trends evidenced in terms of banking communication at a global level cannot be ignored, so Romanian banks will have to adapt their communication strategy and, along with this, how the communication budget is allocated.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2023-00172024-01-29T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2023-0019<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Today’s environmental challenges are catching the attention of many companies to seek innovative solutions to solve the roots of these problems through strong partnerships with governmental entities and other organizations. Social innovation is a topic that can leverage new ideas and practices to overcome current societal and environmental issues fostering sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of social innovation by presenting a pragmatic and comparative study case analysis of two companies that successfully implemented social innovation in their business model. Social innovation combined with open innovation are great catalysts in solving societal and environmental problems and creating shared value and having an impact on business strategy. These two organizations strive to create change and develop a learning environment to surpass all risks and challenges to solve environmental problems. The paper will provide evidence on the importance of closing partnerships in the social innovation process and how collaboration helps in generating shared value.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2023-00192024-01-29T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2023-0012<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Over the last 30 years, significant geopolitical, social, and economic changes have impacted the OECD members and candidates, which has led to a significant improvement in the quality of life and life expectancy, with the reduction of the potential years of life lost one of the indicators of reduced mortality observed across the group. On the geopolitical side, the admission of the Baltic countries and their standardization of the metrics to track demographics more aligned with the internationally accepted practices, on the social side; the increase in life expectancy poses challenges to the care of the elders but also the extension on the age within the labor force and lastly, on the economic changes; the ongoing increase of income and GDP has led to an expanded access of care including goods and services. This paper explores the use of mortality information and potential years of life lost as a beacon to point toward the economic burden of poor health and its related mortality.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2023-00122024-01-29T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2023-0015<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The Cohesion policy of the European Union is the basis of the principle concept of functioning in the Community. In this regard, achieving its main goals is of particular importance. In the context of overcoming the main weaknesses before achieving cohesion goals in the Community, the new paradigm of regional development based on integrated and strategic development initiatives and clearly defined competitiveness factors is becoming increasingly popular. The new approach is oriented towards compensatory actions in narrowly defined and nationally significant areas to discover and use the potential of the regions to achieve the “critical mass” necessary for further development. It is for this reason that the new approach for integrated regional development was already adopted in the previous planning period 2014-2020 in the majority of member states.</p> <p>This article aims to define the conceptual framework for assessing the impact of integrated territorial investments. The methods used are content analysis of documents and GAP analysis, following standard inductive and deductive logical connections. As a result, some key challenges to implementing the integrated territorial approach in Bulgaria have been outlined. The structure of the publication contains a literature review on the topic, a methodological justification of the tools used, and a presentation of the main results and discussion questions.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2023-00152024-01-29T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2023-0018<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Economic crime is an increasing threat to the economic development of a state. While the legislative system tries to create tools to detect and prevent fraud, criminals continue to look for ways to commit and benefit from economic crimes, including fraud, money laundering, sanctions avoidance and corruption. Forensic accounting applies scientific techniques and accounting principles to detect fraudulent activities. Due to technological progress, corporate scams have increased enormously, and therefore, the need for forensic accountants has increased.</p> <p>Professionals specializing in this type of accounting don’t just examine financial statements: they take a holistic approach, incorporating statistical analysis, big data and machine learning, interviews, and physical observation to arrive at the truth – which is just as crucial to due diligence as it is to criminal cases.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/vjes-2023-00182024-01-29T00:00:00.000+00:00en-us-1