rss_2.0Sciendo RSS Feed for WSB Journal of Business and Financehttps://sciendo.com/journal/WSBJBFhttps://www.sciendo.comhttps://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64739e6d4e662f30ba544393/cover-image.jpghttps://sciendo.com/journal/WSBJBF140216https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2024-0008<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The recent spread of new ways of working (NWW), e.g., telecommuting, hybrid work arrangements, and remote work, has redefined traditional workplace structures. This paper explores the implications of NWW on workplace informal learning through facilitating or hindering learning conditions present in new workplaces. The 3P model of learning guides the analysis. This review paper delves into the conditions facilitating or hindering informal learning in NWW, contrasting recent publications reporting empirical findings. It applies a narrative review method for literature analysis and the 3P learning model as a conceptual tool to infer conclusions.</p> <p>Informal learning is recognized in the literature as a vital tool for enhancing employee competencies, contributing to organizational flexibility, and fostering individual employability and career development. However, NWW creates new workplaces that shape informal learning dynamics within organizations. The paper portrays a double-edged sword aspect of new workplaces as sites for informal learning, emphasizing a need for developing in-depth research on the phenomenon.</p> <p>The paper addresses the need for a detailed understanding of new workplaces as learning environments and compares findings from recent studies on informal learning in NWW. Based on the narrative review, the author suggests that the field’s evolution depends on embracing diversity in samples, expanding the scope of studies, refining research methodologies, and adopting a holistic perspective.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2024-00082024-06-30T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2024-0009<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The integration of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) in Supply Chain Management (SCM) significantly enhances supply chain efficiency and effectiveness. ERP systems enable companies to optimize inventory and production management, while RFID technology facilitates precise tracking of products and raw materials, thereby improving production process efficiency. This research aims to systematically review the existing literature on implementing ERP and RFID technologies in SCM and their interconnected roles. Utilizing the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology, the study highlights the crucial impact of ERP and RFID on supply chain performance efficiency. The findings indicate that ERP implementation in SCM offers numerous benefits, which is vital in boosting company efficiency, effectiveness, and overall performance. Additionally, integrating ERP and RFID with technologies like blockchain and cloud computing can further optimize supply chain management processes, providing even greater advantages.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2024-00092024-06-30T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2024-0010<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This study presents inferences about the effect of quarterly returns of some macroeconomic variables on Nigerian stock prices (NSP) by means of the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. Four models were studied using NSP, inflation rate (IFR), broad money supply (BMS), and exchange rate (EXR) data that spanned from 1999 to 2021. The rolling correlation was first carried out to test the significance of signals between each input variable and NSP. In testing for co-integration existence and to account for short- and long-term relationships between the study variables, the ARDL bounds test and error correction model (EMC) were utilized, respectively. Also, in determining the stability of the estimated parameters, the recursive cumulative sum (RCUSUM), RCUSUM of squares, and recursive moving sum (RMOSUM) charts were applied. The first model results revealed that at 5% IFR, it has no influence on NSP, both in the long run and short run. However, the second model revealed that BMS has a significant positive effect, both in the long run and short run, on NSP. The third model results showed that the EXR effect on NSP is not significant at 5% in the long run, but in the short run, it significantly negatively affects NSP in the second and third lags. Results from the fourth model revealed that IFR at lag one and BMS are positive and significant in influencing NSP in the long run. In contrast, EXR has a significant negative influence on NSP in the short run, but BMS has a positive and significant effect on NSP in the short run at 5%. The RCUSUM, RCSUMS, and RMOSUM charts revealed that the estimated parameters for the respective models are stable. The study concludes that NSP is influenced negatively by EXR and positively by IFR and BMS. The study recommends that the monetary policy rate should be controlled to lower the cost of borrowings, enhance liquidity levels in the stock market, and develop policies that can have a combined positive impact on stock prices.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2024-00102024-06-30T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2024-0011<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>In a diligent quest for outperformance in the market, the paper will delve into the complex dynamics of the Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR) and stock prices. According to Higgins’ theory, the SGR is the maximum growth attainable by a company that does not require external funds. It employs Fixed Effects Models and analyses data from 73 major companies in the S&amp;P 500 from 2021 to 2023. The study particularly examines how the factors, including tax and interest burdens, EBIT margin, asset turnover, financial leverage, and retention rate, help shape the SGR after COVID. Most importantly, this study underscores that return on equity (ROE) dominates the effect on SGR, thus stating that profitability and effective equity management are the keys to organizational sustainable growth. Therefore, the influence of the retention rate appears to be less impactful. The findings also challenge the traditional notion whereby long-term growth ensures long-term stock returns, hence more valuable for recommendations in light of this horizon for financial managers and investors, in refining their strategic and investment decisions.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2024-00112024-06-30T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2024-0007<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This study examines the impact of the political stability index, including inflation rate and gross capital formation growth, on Nepal’s economic growth. This study uses secondary data from the World Bank, covering 27 annual data points from 1996 to 2022. Descriptive and exploratory research designs are used. Some statistical and essential econometric tools like graphs, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, Johnsen co-integration test, vector error correction model, and Wald test are used in the study. The independent and dependent variables exhibit long-term cointegration. The preceding year’s political stability has a favorable influence on current economic expansion. One percent improvement in the previous year’s political stability index led to a 0.1896 percent increase in economic growth. One percent increase in inflation results in a 0.1884 percent decrease in economic growth in Nepal. Similarly, 84.96 percent of the variation in economic growth is influenced by factors such as past economic growth, political stability, inflation, and the expansion rate in gross capital accumulation over an extended period. The short-term economic growth of Nepal is influenced by factors such as the previous year’s economic growth, political stability index, and growth in gross capital formation. Nevertheless, the inflation rate does not statistically explain short-term economic progress. To develop sustainable economic growth in Nepal, it is crucial to undertake critical policy initiatives such as enhancing the political stability index, encouraging capital formation, and efficiently managing inflation.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2024-00072024-05-31T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2024-0006<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Currently, sustainable development of a country refers to targeted economic growth that does not harm the environment (or, better yet, is integrated into natural cycles or a circular economy) and also contributes to solving social problems. Thus, a balance is maintained between the territory’s economic, environmental, and social development, which has accelerated and continues to form its own set of tools for promoting sustainable development, most often integrated into global directions.</p> <p>The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the main problems of sustainable development of the economy of Portugal as one of the EU countries, including those related to natural factors, labor resources, sociocultural characteristics, the development of modern technologies, infrastructure, economics, political and legislative features. The study used comparative descriptive and analytical methods, as well as an analysis of modern statistics, literature, and Internet resources. The paper identifies, classifies, and analyzes the most critical barriers and challenges for the country’s economy in the present and the future, as well as the possible consequences of these challenges.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2024-00062024-04-18T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2024-0005<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>With an ever-increasing pace of change, dwindling resources, and an aging population, modern societies face harsh questions regarding effective governance systems. Moreover, with lingering problems brought on by COVID and ongoing inflationary pressures, the situation for growing numbers of aging women who have outlived their partners and are living on their own is increasingly grim. In Canada, when the elderly cannot manage independently, even the least expensive full-care retirement home options can have a formidable cost, which can be a heavy burden for many. Therefore, it is of utmost importance for society to support independent living as long as possible.</p> <p>Independent living models are being developed with various constraints and often with profit in mind. However, we were interested in the most economically feasible and socially acceptable solution. One such development is <italic>La Maison des Babayagas</italic> in Paris, France. This innovative government-subsidized housing project has been developed for retired independent women who pay rent for small apartments according to their means. The residents live in independent units and support one another in an economic and social arrangement that promotes friendships, fights loneliness, and helps each maintain a healthy outlook.</p> <p>This research aimed to gather data to create an inventory questionnaire to select independent retired women in Canada to live together harmoniously in a housing project based on the successful model developed in Paris. The questionnaire is based on analyzing the Babayagas House charter and resident journals and an extensive review of related inventories and questionnaires. The criteria retained will be explained, and examples of the questions will be presented.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2024-00052024-04-02T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2024-0003<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The objective of the study is to assess the extent to which the HRM practices of the Qatari Ministry of Culture have been effectively integrating sustainability principles to improve both organizational performance and employee well-being. A mixed-methods approach was employed, which involved interviews with stakeholders, staff members, and HR managers, analyzing documents, administering questionnaires, and conducting interviews.</p> <p>The findings demonstrated that the Ministry of Culture recognized the significance of sustainability and implemented measures to foster work-life balance, enhance diversity and inclusion, provide opportunities for professional growth, and establish transparent governance and accountability procedures. These activities have positive impacts on the efficiency of the organization, as well as on employee engagement and satisfaction. The study emphasizes integrating sustainability principles into human resource management (HRM) practices and aligning HR strategy with sustainable development objectives.</p> <p>Furthermore, the study provides details regarding strategies and programs to improve sustainability in HRM. The study’s distinctiveness lay in its focus on the Ministry of Culture, thereby augmenting the existing body of research on sustainability in HRM. The objective is to encourage the implementation of similar strategies in other companies by educating decision-makers, HR professionals, and organizational executives about the benefits of sustainability initiatives.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2024-00032024-02-24T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2024-0004<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Companies need and want to become more inclusive entities. Inclusion encompasses a variety of dimensions, including gender equality and unbiased treatment because of sexual orientation. Cultural inclusion, however, is often overlooked.</p> <p>Based on available research, this article analyses critical Polish management practices and appropriate attitudes of managers towards employees from other cultural backgrounds. It also advocates organizational initiatives to improve the situation, especially in the context of the wartime mass migration of Ukrainian citizens to Poland.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2024-00042024-03-02T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2024-0001<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Nutrition’s significance lies at the very core of human existence - from fostering good health and upholding individual well-being to indulging in the pleasures of food, its importance is undeniable. Reviewing the scientific literature, diverse definitions of functional food try to define its meaning precisely. The food is labeled “functional” when it fulfills basic nutritional needs and positively influences health, diminishing the risk of specific diseases and enhancing overall vitality. Considering that food expenses constitute a substantial portion of household budgets, a significant economic dimension exists when planning an individual’s diet. The assortment of functional foods is constantly evolving, prompting modern consumers to analyze their dietary choices more rigorously than ever before. This surge in interest has evoked the attention of researchers, manufacturers, and consumers. However, a comprehensive analysis of Croatia’s consumer behavior and functional foods must still be available. The present study builds upon the theory of planned behavior, a framework well-fitted for social research and exceptionally skilled at investigating the multiple factors pointing to consumer decisions. Drawing insights from empirical research conducted in Croatia, a robust correlation was established through linear regression between attitudes, subjective norms, concern for personal health, and the intent to purchase functional foods.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2024-00012024-01-29T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2024-0002<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Sustainability is a term that resonates throughout society in the broadest sense: from countries across continents, individual actors within communities or states – business entities, educational institutions and households, and public administrations. This is because the earth is highly likely to become unviable if we do not pursue sustainability. So many are aware of this and see sustainability as an important and no doubt long-term megatrend that affects us all. Businesses are not standing on the sidelines either, although it must be acknowledged that sustainability and economics do not always go hand in hand; however, projects with various practical sustainability benefits can be found. Unfortunately, sustainability is sometimes perceived as a topic that can be exploited in marketing in the form of “greenwashing.” This article addresses the challenges of green marketing communication, and examples from the Czech Republic are presented. Questionnaires were conducted to analyze and evaluate consumers’ attitudes and buying behavior toward sustainable products in the Czech Republic.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2024-00022024-01-29T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2023-0011<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Economic activity based on producing goods and services is essential for the development of any society. Individuals can carry out this economic activity in dependent activities (employment) or entrepreneurship (self-employment). A third way is the so-called „Švarc-system,” which is not legal in the Czech Republic. It is a situation where persons performing normal activities for the entrepreneur in a dependent relationship are not his employees but formally act as self-employment. There are currently discussions about the legalization of the system among politicians and experts. This article introduces how labor and tax law regulations influence attitudes toward economic activity and development. The research methods to achieve this aim include description, critical analysis, and synthesis. The findings described in this article are that the Švarc-system based on self-employment allows greater freedom for employers and employees and smaller payments to public budgets than forms of dependent activities. A high level of autonomy increases development in various areas and helps social development. The implication falls into practical rather than theoretical fields. Therefore, regulation in this area should be lowered to support further development. This article’s originality is that it reflects on the academic impacts of the legalization of the system from legal and economic points of view. These conclusions should help reflect on the regulation of legislation in this field.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2023-00112023-12-18T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2023-0010<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Purpose - This study aims to investigate the empirical relationship between foreign direct investment, carbon emissions, and economic growth. Our study attempts to contribute to the existing literature on sustainable economic development.</p> <p>Methodology -The analysis was carried out using panel data analysis, covering Turkey and the 27 countries of the European Union from 2010 to 2020. Statistical data were obtained from the World Data Bank and the OECD Data Bank.</p> <p>Results - Hausman test analysis indicated that a fixed effects model should be selected. The model results show that foreign direct investment significantly affects economic growth, but carbon (CO₂) emissions are also in a positive relationship. Foreign investment should be developed due to its impact on economic growth. However, the effects of CO₂ emissions should be limited, as it causes negative social and environmental externalities.</p> <p>Practical implications - with the development of foreign investment, appropriate environmental policies should be implemented by all countries in global cooperation. The article proposes some development policy solutions. These include, among others, promoting foreign direct investments that lead to more effective implementation of sustainable development goals and introducing market-based financial instruments to support such investments.</p> <p>Originality and value - the study covers not only EU countries but also Turkey; It uses statistical modeling based on ten years of data for 28 countries. Results can be used in sustainable development policies.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2023-00102023-11-26T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2023-0009<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Today, almost one third of the world population are digital buyers. The hypothesis that more life moves online, the less damage to our environment is still unclear. E-commerce sites and the underlying supply chain can have both positive and negative impacts on the environment. Sustainable web design is an approach to designing websites that puts people and the planet first. It is a growing movement as organizations look for opportunities to reduce their influence on the environment. This research elaborates on determinants of consumer behavior that shape online purchase processes and affect the final consumer decision to buy. It discusses the importance of website design on consumer decision-making in e-commerce. Consumer decision-making and behavior during online shopping in the literature are measured by numerous models. One of the primary motivators for any online store to attract customers is the quality of website design. Website quality refers to the overall excellence, effectiveness, and usability of a website. It influences consumers’ perceptions of product quality and affects online purchase intentions (Sun, Chen, and Huang, 2014) and even continuation intentions (Chawla et al., 2015). Website quality as well positively affects online impulse buying behaviour (Akram et.al. 2018). The design of a website interface plays an important role in online purchasing, and customers are more likely to visit and buy from better-designed websites (Chiu and Yang, 2016). This paper proposes that website design quality is a multi-dimensional construct. To support the importance of the construct, a review of different studies is conducted elaborating on the impact of website design on consumer attitude and behavioral intention in North Macedonia. This study has theoretical and practical implications on the existing knowledge and provides managerial insights for e-vendors implying that to promote online shopping, they need to improve the quality features of the website and enhance users’ trust.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2023-00092023-11-17T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2023-0008<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This article deals with the phenomenon of Robo-advisory used in the provision of investment services. It is appropriate to consider the use of this tool from a regulatory perspective, particularly given the widespread use of digital tools in financial markets and the growing interest of users in the digitization of services. Given the rapid development of digitalization, legislation may not always take into account the use of digital tools. Legislative changes may be delayed. The main objective of this article is to analyze Robo-advisory specifically from the perspective of EU regulation. The aim is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis. Based on the analysis, we are then able to look at using Robo-advisory from different perspectives, both practical and regulatory. The analysis also highlights the similarities and differences between traditional and alternative investment service provision.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2023-00082023-11-17T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2023-0004<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The paper presents an applied research and development project, Monitoring and tracing the movement and contacts of persons in medical facilities, financed by the Research and Development Support Agency of the Slovak Republic and currently carried out at the Faculty of Security Engineering of the University of Zilina in cooperation with companies from practice. The main contribution of the mentioned project lies in the development and design of a system for the identification and search of contacts of persons based on the monitoring of their movement in the object of the medical facility through the selected information technology. The system can also be implemented in other premises with a large number of people. The paper also deals with the issue of the resilience of medical facilities from the point of view of their inclusion among critical entities providing basic services that play an irreplaceable role in maintaining vital societal functions. It points to the necessity of using information and communication technology in the health sector.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2023-00042023-11-09T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2023-0003<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The importance of data security in the supply chain has increased in the last few years. The study identifies recent trends and shortcomings in data security, assessing enterprises operating in Latvia’s transport and storage industry. The research aims to study and identify the current trends in data security in the Transport and Storage industry to develop recommendations for improving data security in the supply chain. The research focuses on studying data security in the supply chain in Latvia. The theoretical literature review was used to learn the main aspects of the supply chain concept and the data security measures applied. Statistical and content analysis shows the industry’s primary data security trends and issues. The results of the research concluded that in Latvia, enterprises providing supply chain operations are focusing on something other than mandatory education about the data security of their employees; thus, they need to apply sophisticated measures to protect data through all supply chain processes.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2023-00032023-11-09T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2023-0005<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Business continuity management is a tool that provides a structured framework for building business sustainability with the ability to respond effectively, protecting the interests of key stakeholders as well as other key activities that create value for the business. It is the disruption of the enterprise’s key activities that can cause problems that enterprises may not be able to handle without proper help and can lead to bankruptcy. The action of various factors from the external as well as the internal environment can change the overall development of the enterprise depending on its reaction to the given change, at the same time, in connection with its initial readiness, ensured prevention of the enterprise. Maintaining business continuity is closely related to ensuring the smoothness of business processes. Business continuity management is a management process that identifies potential threats and their impact on the enterprise’s business operations. Therefore, the article aims to highlight the benefits of the implementation of business continuity management in enterprises, which would ensure the course and smoothness of business operations. At the same time, in combination with risk management, it is possible to reach a better understanding of the enterprise and its activities that ensure the running of the enterprise. The importance of business continuity management and risk management lies primarily in the enterprise’s readiness to face unexpected situations, while the appropriate selection of methods, techniques, and procedures can help to activate and create a sustainable enterprise system. By implementing business continuity management and risk management, it would be possible to achieve an improvement in the enterprise’s response to adverse situations but also in the overall course of the executed processes concerning the operation of the enterprise. Interruption of business operations can be caused by various factors, which have an impact mainly on the ability of the business to function even in difficult, unpredictable situations. Therefore, in this context, the main emphasis is placed on prevention, preparedness, and the ability of the enterprise to respond promptly to changes in the environment and the ability to transform its activities in its entire structure.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2023-00052023-11-09T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2023-0006<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The essence of the article is to present the results of research on the importance and benefits of risk assessment in the quality and occupational health and safety management systems of enterprises in Slovakia. Part of the goal is the evaluation of the most important risks in the quality and occupational health and safety management systems of enterprises in Slovakia. Basic scientific methods, as well as mathematical-statistical methods, were used to evaluate the data obtained from the survey to fulfill the set goal. The results show that enterprises are currently more concerned about the risks arising from the OSH management system than from the risks of the quality management system. The most serious risks considered by enterprises in the occupational health and safety management system are an increased number of accidents and in the quality management system customer dissatisfaction.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2023-00062023-11-09T00:00:00.000+00:00https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2023-0007<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Purpose – This study aims to examine the current state-of-the-art foundation, organization, role, processes, and functioning of internal audit (IA) within Croatian hotel companies in order to suggest improvements.</p> <p>Design/Methodology –qualitative research was conducted using a questionnaire distributed to Croatian hotel companies that quote their stocks on the capital markets, noted destinations, and internationally renowned hotel companies that operate in Croatia from March to May 2023. Based on the responses received, semi-structured interviews were conducted with internal auditors who are or have been employed by hotel companies in order to obtain more detailed information about the organization and performance of the internal audit function (IAF).</p> <p>Findings – The results showed that not many hotel companies in Croatia have organized IAF because it is not a legal obligation for the hospitality industry. The current stage of IAF in these companies is infrastructural or integrated, which shows possibilities for its improvement. The role of internal audit is not recognized because it is seen as a time-consuming activity and an additional expense for the hotel company, without awareness of its real purpose, opportunities to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of hotel operations, and other benefits of this function.</p> <p>Research limitations – the small sample of hotel companies that have IAF organized within and also a limited number of internal auditors that have experience, knowledge, and qualifications to work in the hospitality industry.</p> <p>The originality of the research – the first study regarding the organization of IAF in the hospitality industry.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/wsbjbf-2023-00072023-11-09T00:00:00.000+00:00en-us-1