rss_2.0Advances in Materials Science FeedSciendo RSS Feed for Advances in Materials Sciencehttps://sciendo.com/journal/ADMShttps://www.sciendo.comAdvances in Materials Science Feedhttps://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64707f6271e4585e08a9e9a1/cover-image.jpghttps://sciendo.com/journal/ADMS140216Corrosion Rate Prediction for Underground Gas Pipelines Using A Levenberg-Marquardt Artificial Neural Network (ANN)https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-0020<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This study addresses the challenge of accurately predicting corrosion rates and estimating the remaining life of underground gas pipelines, which is complicated by the complex interaction of physical factors and environmental conditions. Traditional models are inadequate in capturing these variables, leading to less reliable predictions, which this study aims to address by developing a more accurate and optimized artificial neural network (ANN) model. This study focuses on predicting corrosion rates and estimating the remaining life of underground gas pipelines using ANNs implemented in MATLAB. It incorporates both physical factors, such as maximum corrosion depth and pipe thickness, and environmental variables such as moisture, soil resistivity, and chloride concentration. The analysis identified corrosion depth and wall thickness as significant contributors, influencing material integrity by 20% and 16%, respectively. The optimal ANN model, with a Levenberg-Marquardt structure and one hidden layer of 10 neurons, achieved superior accuracy, with an MSE of 0.038 and R² of 0.9998. The study addresses the challenge of accurately predicting corrosion rates and remaining life in underground gas pipelines by developing an optimised ANN model. Its contribution lies in creating a highly accurate prediction tool that outperforms traditional models and enables more informed decisions for pipeline maintenance and safety.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-00202024-12-24T00:00:00.000+00:00Structural Integrity of Three Dimensional Printed Carbon Fiber Composites/Nanocomposites for Aeronautical Components—Current Scenarios and Opportunitieshttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-0024<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This state-of-the-art innovatory overview essentially debates practical worth of three-dimensional printed composites/nanocomposites (especially carbon fiber designs) for aerospace sector. Recently, three-dimensional printing (additive manufacturing) has competently transpired for designing high performance space structures. The manuscript systematically frameworks fundamentals of three-dimensional printing approach, ensuing high-tech aeronautical carbon fiber composites/nanocomposite systems, and space components/structural applications. Amongst carbonaceous fillers, short/continuous carbon fibers were inspected as outperforming reinforcements for aerospace. Additionally, surface modified/composited carbon fibers with nanocarbons (carbon nanotube, graphene) have been reported. Accordingly, polyamide, poly(lactic acid), poly(ether ether ketone), epoxies, etc. have been documented as substantial thermoplastic/thermosetting matrices. Ensuing radical polymer/carbon fiber or polymer/carbon fiber/nanocarbon hybrids have benefits regarding low-cost manufacturing, structural precision, complex geometries, high efficiency, least structural defects/voids, superior tensile and shear strength/modulus, compression strength, interlaminar strength, wear properties, thermo-dimensional constancy, and heat stability features, under extreme space environments. Consequently, cutting-edge three-dimensional printed carbon fiber hybrids offered myriad of promising opportunities for mechanically robust (nozzle wearing, strengthened wing spar/ribs, resilient rotating components, interlaminar strength/dimensional stability) and high temperature stable (cryogenic fuel storage, lower earth orbital stability, thermal-dimensional steadiness, thermal conductivity) for aerospace modules. Henceforth, three-dimensional printing owns enormous engineering potential to meet aeronautical manufacturing demands by overcoming challenges of traditional techniques.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-00242024-12-24T00:00:00.000+00:00Comparison of the Standard and Recycled PE 3-Layered Filmshttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-0023<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The work presented in this article focuses on the analysis of the structure and properties of newly developed 3-layer composite films produced using blow moulding technology supported by a precision gravimetric dispensing system. In order to assess the influence of the addition of regranulate on the properties of the films a number of tests and studies were carried out including differential scanning calorimetry, spectrophotometric tests and weld break force test called hot tack. bservation of hot tacktest was performed using stereoscopic microscopy. As part of the research, three-layer LDPE (Low-Density Polyethylene) films were produced with the proposed layer distribution: A- 20%, B-60%, C-20%, with varying amounts of recycled PE (RPE) and calcium carbonate in the middle layer of the film. The films were produced on a Labtech Engineering three-layer laboratory line. Four film samples were prepared, including a reference film labelled as PE pure and made from stanard material, and films with a modified middle layer B, containing regranulate and calcium carbonate in specified proportions. The mechanical strength tests of the sealed films were conducted to verify strentght of films in aim to be used for FFS (Form-Fill-Seal) packaging lines. The PE 60 film, which includes 60% regranulate content, showed an increase in strength of hot welds (hot tack force) by 0.22N comparing to PE pure material and RPE composite films, containing 80% and 100% regranulate content, showed a decrease in hot tack force in the range of 0.87N and 1.75N respectively. Thermal properties of the samples were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). These measurements allowed for the determination of the melting and crystallisation temperatures of the films under investigation. The DSC results indicated that the regranulate material slightly lowers the melting temperature of the films, without significantly affecting the functional properties of the material. The spectrophotometric studies, performed for color tests of the prepared films, obtained by D65 light source settings, presents following values of ΔE* (overall color difference): 6,90; 6,19 and 6,31 for RPE 60, RPE 80 and RPE 100 respectively. In conclusion, the conducted research demonstrates that three-layer LDPE packaging films, produced with regranulate and calcium carbonate in the middle layer, retain their required mechanical and thermal properties while maintaining a consistent structure across the tested conditions, which makes them appropriate substitutes for conventional FFS films made entirely from stanard plastics for industrial applications.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-00232024-12-24T00:00:00.000+00:00Structural Integrity of AA7075-T651 UWFSW Jointshttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-0025<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This investigation is focused on the comparison of selected low-cycle fatigue properties of AA7075-T651 friction stir welded and underwater friction stir welded joints together with the evaluation of their lifetime prediction by the Manson-Coffin-Basquin formula. Additionally, the analysis of the fractured surface was involved to describe the character of joints decohesion. The analysis of the obtained hysteresis loops revealed that FSW joint exhibits cyclic hardening, with a stable maximum stress and a decreasing minimum stress, leading to an increased contribution of compressive stresses and a lower mean stress during stabilized fatigue. In comparison, the UWFSW joint also shows cyclic hardening but with a greater contribution of tensile stresses, a higher mean stress, and a reduced participation of plastic deformation. The Manson-Coffin-Basquin equation effectively predicts the fatigue life of AA7075-T651 alloy joints, with UWFSW joints showing significantly lower standard deviation (0.0035 vs. 0.0135) and narrower dispersion bands (1.61 vs. 1.93) compared to conventional FSW joints.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-00252024-12-24T00:00:00.000+00:00Analyzing the Dry Sliding Wear Performance on Aluminum 6061 Alloy Reinforced with SIC And B₄C Hybrid Nanocompositehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-0022<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The methodology of enhancing the wear resistance of hybrid Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) involves reinforcing the metal or alloy with robust materials. This study focuses on the manufacturing of a hybrid nanocomposite, which includes 0.6 vol.% of Silicon Carbide (SiC) and 0.2 vol.% of Boron Carbide (B₄C) nanoparticles with aluminum (Al) 6061 alloy. This is achieved through an ultrasonic assisted stir casting methodology, and a pin-on-disc tribometer is used to investigate the sliding wear rate and Coefficient of Friction (COF). Vicker's microhardness tester evaluated the microhardness of the nanocomposite, revealing it to be 18% harder than the Al 6061 alloy. Further, the metallurgical examination done through Hi-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscope (HRSEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques confirmed the existence of SiC and B₄C nanoparticles. The wear experiment was done under diverse input wear experiment variables such as applied load, sliding velocity, and sliding distance, and optimization was done through Taguchi’s technique. Applied load contributed 40.9% to wear rate, and increasing load increased wear rate due to higher pin-counter disc contact pressure. Sliding speed contributed 42.18% to the COF, while increasing it decreased it due to lower pin-disc contact. The worn area inspection revealed an abrasive wear mechanism with substantial surface degradation at higher loads. The study may progress science and develop stronger materials for many purposes.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-00222024-12-24T00:00:00.000+00:00Antibacterial Ti-Cu and Ta-Cu Coatings for Endoprostheses Applied by Magnetron Sputtering onto Ti6Al4V Alloyhttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-0021<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The paper presents new results of manufacturing coatings by magnetron sputtering to improve the functional properties of joint endoprostheses. The antibacterial properties of Ti-Cu and Ta-Cu coatings deposited by DC multi-magnetron sputtering on Ti6Al4V alloy substrates subjected of gas-abrasive treatment have been investigated. The roughness of the substrate was measured by optical profilometry. The coating hardness and elastic modulus were estimated by nanoindentation methods; the adhesion characteristics were assessed by Rockwell test. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis verified the application of coatings with 25 at.% Cu, at thicknesses of 2 μm and 10 μm to roughened Ti6Al4V alloy. All coatings demonstrated sufficient adhesion, whereas Ta-Cu coatings generally revealed higher hardness, while the elastic modulus decreased with increasing coating thickness. Staphylococcus aureus strains were used for in vitro study of the antibacterial properties of Ti-Cu and Ta-Cu coatings. The largest zones of inhibition of bacteria S. aureus 23 mm were observed for 10 µm Ta-Cu coating thickness. The release dynamics of Cu ions from Ta-Cu and Ti-Cu coatings into physiological solution analyzed over seven days via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, matched the inhibition zone growth. The Ti-Cu and Ta-Cu coatings of 2 µm thickness provided weaker antibacterial effect. The optimal parameters of magnetron sputtering of antibacterial Ti-Cu and Ta-Cu coatings on Ti6Al4 alloy substrates were selected. These findings support the potential of these coatings in developing endoprosthesis implants with enhanced antimicrobial and wear-resistant properties</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-00212024-12-24T00:00:00.000+00:00Shielding Gas Oxygen and Nitrogen Content Effects in the Case of Duplex Stainless Steel Weldinghttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-0019<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The duplex stainless steels show improved localized corrosion resistance and strength comparing to the austenitic stainless steels. All of the duplex stainless steels solidify as pure ferrite and the double microstructure is evolving during the solid-state, diffusion driven phase transformation. In this research nitrogen and oxygen containing argon-based shielding gases were used. It was found that the nitrogen and oxygen addition significantly increased the weld metal austenite content, up to +27%. The oxygen addition also improved the weld dissolved oxygen content with up to +0.09%, and the weld penetration depth with up to +3.3 mm.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-00192024-09-14T00:00:00.000+00:00The Influence of Injection Mode and Spray Distance on Wear Resistance of AlO+13 wt.% TiO coatingshttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-0014<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) allows deposition of ceramic coatings on metallic substrate, significantly increasing the wear resistance of the component. Coating’s microstructure and consequently its properties, depend on heat treatment of the feedstock particles. This property can be controlled by process parameters, especially electric power and spray distance. On the other hand, some plasma torches allow introducing another variable, an injection mode, which could be realized in external or in internal way. In the presented research, wear resistance of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>+13 wt.% TiO<sub>2</sub> coatings deposited under various values of spray distance and different injection modes were examined using ASTM G-99 procedure. The impact of spraying parameters on the coating’s microstructure was established and connected to the functional properties of the manufactured deposits. Observed differences indicated influence of injection mode and spray distance value. Coatings deposited with internal feedstock injection exhibit lower porosity and slightly higher hardness than these made with external injection mode. In terms of wear resistance for both spray distance the wear factor was lower for internal injection system. Obtained results confirmed assumed thesis, that internal injection mode improves heat treatment and consequently ameliorate wear performance of plasma sprayed alumina-titania coatings.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-00142024-09-14T00:00:00.000+00:00Recycling of Waste Granodiorite Powder as a Partial Cement Replacement Material in Ordinary Concretehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-0017<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>In this study, the effect of using waste granodiorite powder (WGP) as a cement replacement material in percentages ranging from 1 to 9% on various physical and mechanical properties of ordinary concrete was investigated. The resistance of produced concretes with WGP to the high temperature effects on the 28 days compressive strength were studied as well. Granodiorite is one of the well-known igneous rocks that have been used in previous research as a replacement for coarse or fine aggregates due to the hardness of its grains. However, rare studies have investigated its powder as a partial cement replacement material. Results showed the ability of investigated WGP with high surface area to act as a supplementary cementitious material that contributed to enhance the results of mechanical and physical properties of concrete. At traditional room temperature, the optimal replacement percentage was 7%, where the 28 days compressive and tensile strengths were improved by 28.3% and 17.3%, respectively. The optimal replacement ratio varied between 7 and 9% in the case of high temperatures, according to exposure time and temperature degree. Statistical and sensitivity analysis was conducted on 66 available compressive strength value represents all variables before and after elevated temperature exposure. While the regression equation showed good R<sup>2</sup> value of 85.3%, sensitivity analysis indicated that compressive strength value is most sensitive to temperature, followed by WGP ratio and exposure time, with importance values of 56, 26, and 18 %, respectively. Results showed also that the setting times and consistency was decreased with increasing the replacement ratio with WGP, while the workability was slightly improved up to 5% replacement ratio. Furthermore, microstructure analysis showed that WGP can help to densify the concrete matrix due to its small size and ability to fill the interstitial voids in the concrete matrix.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-00172024-09-14T00:00:00.000+00:00Analysis of Wear Resistance of Metallic-Reinforced Polyurethane Resin Composites for Sheet Metal Forminghttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-0015<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The paper presents the results of testing the wear resistance and coefficient of friction (COF) tools made of SikaBeresin® F50 polyurethane resin intended for dies and punches for the cold sheet metal forming process. Seven sets of composite tools (rotating rings) additionally reinforced with waste metallic powders from Al and Cu alloys (5-20% by volume) from the dry cutting process of pipes and rods were tested. Wear resistance tests and determination coefficient of friction were carried out using the T-05 block-on-ring tribotester. The tests were performed for heat and corrosion resistant sheets made of nickel alloy AMS5599 (Inconel 625), iron alloy AMS5510 (321) and aluminum alloy sheets AMS4026 (6061-T4). Composite tools with the addition of 20% aluminum powder (A+B+C+20%Al) tested with a specimen of steel alloy AMS5510 and nickel alloy AMS5599 were characterized by the lowest wear resistance. In each case, the composite rotating ring without reinforcements was characterized by the lowest coefficient of friction. The use of Cu powder reinforcements in each case had a positive effect on increasing wear resistance. The best wear resistance of 0.011% was obtained for composite rotating ring with the addition of 10% copper powder paired with specimen of nickel alloy AMS5599 sheet.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-00152024-09-14T00:00:00.000+00:00Optimizing High-Performance Concrete Properties Containing Blast Furnace Slag and Marble Powderhttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-0018<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Building and industrialization-related environmental harm is becoming an increasingly serious concern. In an effort to create an eco-friendly high-performance concrete (HPC), this paper addresses the idea of partially replacing cement with recyclable industrial waste. The current study will experimentally examine the slump, the strengths of compressive (SC) and porosity (P) of fifteen HPC mixtures manufactured from locally available resources. Hence, the effects of utilizing marble powder (MP) as a mineral additive in binary mixes and ternary with cement (PC) and granulated ground blast furnace slag (GGBFS) on the HPCs properties were studied in order to develop statistical models based on mixture design. Highly accurate prediction graphs and models were created for HPC workability, P at 28-day, SC at 7 and 28-day. All responses have satisfactory coefficients of correlation (R<sup>2</sup> ≥ 0.76). Replacing cement with GGBFS causes a rise in slump in mixtures. Nevertheless, that only remains relevant when the mixtures have a small MP percentage (≤ 25%). A minor decrease in SC can be attributed by an increase of GGBFS. After 28-day, using GGBFS alone caused a little drop in SC; however, when GGBFS and PC were mixed, SC increased, in comparison with reference composition, and the porosity was reduced. Conversely, SC is superior with lower porosity when a small amount of MP is utilized. The best combination is HPC14, containing 5% GGBFS; it offers an optimal equilibrium among the three qualities; with HPC4’s (15%GGBFS+5%MP) qualities, being almost identical to those of reference HPC15, a lower amount of cement may also be utilized. Findings encourage the use of MP and GGBFS to partially replace cement to produce eco-friendly and cost-effective HPC. An extremely high correlation coefficient indicated a strong relationship between P and SC.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-00182024-09-14T00:00:00.000+00:00Competence of Carbonaceous Fibers/Nanofillers (Graphene, Carbon Nanotube) Reinforced Shape Memory Composites/Nanocomposites Towards Aerospace—Existent Status and Expansionshttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-0016<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Shape memory or stimuli responsive polymers have established a unique grouping of smart materials. The technical merit of these polymers has been evaluated in aerospace sector, since last few decades. Particularly, the stimuli responsive polymers render inherent competences to recuperate the structural damages in exterior/interior space architectures. In this context, both the thermoplastics as well as thermosetting polymers depicted essential stimuli responsive behaviour. As interpreted in this state-of the-art review, the carbonaceous reinforcement like carbon fibers and nano-reinforcements including nanocarbons (graphene, carbon nanotube) have been employed in the shape recovering matrices. The performance of ensuing shape retrieving aerospace materials was seemed to be reliant on the polymer chain crosslinking effects, filler/nanofiller dispersal/alignment, microstructural specs, interfacial contour and interactions, and processing techniques used. Consequently, the shape actuations of polymer/carbon fiber composites were found to be instigated and upgraded through the inclusion of nanocarbon nano-additives. The ensuing high-tech shape memory composites/nanocomposites have anomalous significance for various aero-structural units (fuselage, wings, antennas, engines, etc.) due to prevention of possible thermal/shock/impact damages. Future implications of carbonaceous shape memory composites/nanocomposites in aerospace demands minimizing the structure-property-performance challenges and large scale fabrication for industrial scale utilizations. In this way, deployment of carbonaceous nanofiller/filler based composites revealed enormous worth due to low density, anti-fatigue/wear, anti-corrosion, non-flammability, self-healing, and extended durability and long life operations. However, there are certain challenges associated with the use of nanocarbons and ensuing nanocomposites in this field markedly the adoption of appropriate carbon fiber coating technique, aggregation aptitude of nanocarbons, additional processing steps/cost, nanoparticle initiated invisible defects/voids, difficulty in machinability operations due to presence of nanoparticles, and corrosion risk of composite structures in contact with metal surfaces. By overcoming these hinderances, nanoparticles modified carbon fiber based composites can be promising towards a new look of upcoming modernized aerospace industry.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-00162024-09-14T00:00:00.000+00:00Numerical Investigation of Indentation-Induced Residual Stresses and their Effect on J-Integral and Crack Propagationhttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-0010<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This work presents an analysis of the effect of ball indentation on fatigue crack growth. The main objective is to assess the effectiveness of indentation, particularly its influence on the J-integral, as a fracture criterion governing fracture toughness. Using the finite element method in Abaqus 6.14, we analyzed the residual stresses induced by indentation at different positions along the predicted line of crack propagation and calculated the J-integral. The results highlight that indentation at the crack tip position significantly reduces the J-integral compared to non-indented structures, demonstrating its potential to extend the lifespan of cracked components by delaying crack propagation. The findings underscore the practical application of ball indentation as a viable technique to retard crack growth, contributing to the longevity of cracked components and, consequently, structural integrity. This analysis revealed a crack propagation retardation gain of up to 56%.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-00102024-06-29T00:00:00.000+00:00Optimising the Impact Strength of 3D Printed PLA Components Using Metaheuristic Algorithmshttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-0009<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This study investigates the correlation among the impact strength of Polylactic acid (PLA) material as well as many 3D printing parameters, including layer height, infill density, extrusion temperature, and print speed, using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) in Additive Manufacturing (AM). By using well-planned trials, the ASTM D256 standard assessed the impact strength of samples. Impact strength was optimized using six distinct techniques: Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Simulated Annealing (SA), Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO), and Cohort Intelligence (CI). These approaches are reliable since they consistently delivered similar impact strength values after several iterations. The best algorithms, according to the study, were TLBO and JAYA, which produced a maximum impact strength of 4.08 kJ/m<sup>2</sup>. The algorithms’ effectiveness was validated by validation studies, which showed little error and near matches between the expected and actual impact strength values. The advantages of employing these methods to increase the impact strength of PLA material for 3D printing are illustrated in the present research, which provides helpful insights on how to improve FDM procedures.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-00092024-06-29T00:00:00.000+00:00Imprints of Graphene Nanocomposites Towards Energy Storage Potential of Lithium Ion Batteries—State of the Art and Perspectiveshttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-0011<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This state-of-the-art article is designed to cover essential aspects of graphene based nanomaterials for energy storage purposes. Graphene is, a unique nanocarbon, one atom thick nanosheet made up of sp<sup>2</sup> hybridized carbon atoms. Graphene has been focused for various technical energy related devices and systems owing to remarkable structure and properties. In energy storage applications, graphene has been applied for varying devices like supercapacitors, fuel cell and batteries. Important utilization of graphene and derived nanocomposites have been observed for lithium (Li) ion batteries. In this context, graphene has been found to offer superior surface area, electron conduction, electrochemical properties, charge or energy density, reversible capacity, rate capacity, cyclic stability, charge-discharge behavior, and other progressive characteristics for effectual energy or charge storage. In addition, graphene derived nanomaterials have been researched for structural, morphological, mechanical, thermal, and other physical characteristics. Hence, graphene and nanocomposites have been reported as efficient Li ion battery electrode or electrolyte material. Future progress on designing new efficient graphene derived nanocomposites and three dimensional graphene based nanomaterials may overcome the challenges towards the formation of high performance battery electrode or electrolyte materials.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-00112024-06-29T00:00:00.000+00:00The Characterization of ZnCoO Thin Films Synthesized by Ultrasonic Spray Deposition with Controlled Visible Light Absorptionhttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-0012<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This work examines the grown of Zn<sub>1-x</sub>Co<sub>x</sub>O films at different Co concentrations at 420°C by ultrasonic spray deposition. The effect of Co concentration of Zn<sub>1-x</sub>Co<sub>x</sub>O films on optical characterization, structure crystallinity and electrical conductivity was studied. Transmission spectra of Zn<sub>1-x</sub>Co<sub>x</sub>O films presented three edges in the visible region, it was observed in the range of 541 and 656 nm of wavelengths, which related to the d-d transitions of Co<sup>2+</sup> ion with 3d<sup>7</sup> high-spin configurations in a tetrahedral crystal field formed by neighboring O<sup>2−</sup>ions. The gap energy was found increases after doping by Co to maximum value of 3.373 eV at x=0.04. The Urbach energy minimum was 0.083eV, it is obtained for x=0.01. The sprayed Zn<sub>1-x</sub>Co<sub>x</sub>O films exhibit a wurtzite structure with preferred orientation in the (002) direction. The maximum crystallite size of Zn<sub>1-x</sub>Co<sub>x</sub>O films was 95.61 nm at x=0.06. The maximum electrical conductivity of the Co doped ZnO films was located at x=0.06.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-00122024-06-29T00:00:00.000+00:00Experimental Investigation on Corrosion Behaviour of Heat-Treated API X70 Pipeline Steelhttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-0013<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>In present study mass loss behaviour of base metal and heat-treated API X70 pipeline steel in different environments such as fresh water, sea water and sodium thiosulphate medium were observed for 50 days. Corrosion is the main failure in pipeline steel which need to be reduced with the use of suitable heat treatment process. In present study two heat treatment such as HT-1 900 °C (2 hour) with tempering at 450 °C (4 hour) and HT-2 800 °C (2 hour) with tempering at 450 °C (4 hour) was used. Mechanical, microstructure and corrosion rate of HT-1 and HT-2 specimen in different environments were observed. Maximum corrosion rate (0.306 mm/y) in fresh water while minimum corrosion rate (0.181 mm/y) in sodium thiosulphate medium was observed for base metal. Maximum corrosion rate (0.224 mm/y) in sodium thiosulphate while minimum corrosion rate (0.106 mm/y) in fresh water medium was observed for HT-1 specimen. For HT-2 specimen, Maximum corrosion rate (0.192 mm/y) in sea water while minimum corrosion rate (0.099 mm/y) in fresh water medium was observed. For HT-2 specimen, maximum average hardness of (30.3 HRC) in sea water while minimum average hardness of (28 HRC) of base metal was observed. In fresh water also HT-2 specimen, maximum average hardness is (26.3 HRC) while minimum average hardness of (24.6 HRC) of base metal was observed. After that maximum average hardness of base metal (26.6 HRC) in sodium thiosulphate while minimum average hardness of (21 HRC) of HT-2 specimen was observed.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-00132024-06-29T00:00:00.000+00:00Climatic Ageing of Low Density Polyethylene in Agricultural Greenhouseshttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-0008<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) is a commonly employed plastic in the production of greenhouse covers due to its advantageous attributes of flexibility, durability, and transparency. Notably, LDPE’s ability to resist UV radiation plays a crucial role in protecting plants from harmful solar rays. However, the extended lifespan initially anticipated for this material is frequently undermined by the intricate process of LDPE aging. This study examines how the mechanical properties and creep behavior of monolayer and tri-layer PE materials change over nine months of natural aging in the Tiaret region of northwest of Algeria. Tri-layer polyethylene (PE) film outperforms mono-layer PE in strength (2.37x), elasticity (35%), and creep resistance due to its enhanced barrier against environmental factors. It maintains 50% elongation even after 9 months, while mono-layer PE degrades 50% in six months with a tensile strength of 14 MPa.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-00082024-03-19T00:00:00.000+00:00Effect of the Number of Shells on Selected Mechanical Properties of Parts Manufactured by FDM/FFF Technologyhttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-0006<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The technological parameters of 3D printing have an influence on the mechanical properties of the manufactured components. The purpose of the article was to study the comparative influence of the technological parameter of the number of shells variable in two stages (2 and 10) on selected mechanical properties. The maximum tensile stress for the number of shells 10 was 39.80 MPa, which is higher compared to the number of shells 2: 30.98 MPa. In the case of the maximum bending stress for the number of shells 10, an average value of 61.02 MPa was obtained, which is higher compared to the number of shells of 2: 37.46 MPa. Furthermore strong fit of the Kelvin-Voight model was obtained, as confirmed by the values of the <italic>Cℎi</italic><sup>2</sup>: 0.0001 and <italic>R</italic><sup>2</sup>: 0.997 coefficients.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-00062024-03-16T00:00:00.000+00:00Application of Regression Models on the Prediction of Corrosion Degradation of a Crude Oil Distillation Unithttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-0005<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The crude distillation unit is the most critical elements in the refining process. Moreover, most of the equipment in the distillation unit are made of general carbon steels. Data analysis models, machine learning techniques can predict corrosion degradation rates. We used Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression, to predict the impact of process parameters. Altogether, we have analysed 84 channels of technological parameters, and 22 different types of crude oils. Among the corrosion agents, the chloride content strongly affected the weight loss of coupons, where the highest coefficient was 0.68. The most influential parameter is found to be the pH value. Thus, an estimation method of the pH value is set up to predict the corrosion degradation rate. The regression correlation for estimating the pH value is 0.53 if the corrosion agents are not used, which can be improved to 0.76 if the corrosion agents are also used in the regression analysis.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/adms-2024-00052024-03-16T00:00:00.000+00:00en-us-1