rss_2.0Medicine FeedSciendo RSS Feed for Medicinehttps://www.sciendo.com/subject/MDhttps://www.sciendo.comMedicine Feedhttps://www.sciendo.com/subjectImages/Medicine.jpg700700A case series on resin allergy during clear aligner therapyhttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoj-2025-0004<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Clear aligner therapy (CAT) has gained popularity due to its aesthetic benefits, especially among adults. However, with ongoing advancements in appliance materials, concerns about resin allergies have emerged because of the extended contact between aligner plastics and the oral tissues. This case series highlights important clinical features of this rare and increasingly recognised issue. Diagnosing the allergies proved challenging due to variability in the presentation and test results. All of the cases were females aged 23 to 28 years with no prior history of allergy to food nor dental materials. Clinical manifestations varied between the patients and ranged from redness and swelling of the lips and gums to numbness and ulceration. Allergy testing, including serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and patch tests, yielded inconsistent results for two of the cases. Therefore, diagnosis was based primarily on clinical signs and symptoms. CAT was discontinued for two of the patients. In conclusion, it is crucial for dental practitioners to be aware of hypersensitivity reactions and thereby facilitate early detection of resin allergies in patients undergoing CAT.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoj-2025-00042025-04-09T00:00:00.000+00:00Class II correction using clear aligners: a scoping reviewhttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoj-2025-0005<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Introduction</title> <p>The increase in popularity and demand for clear aligner therapy (CAT) has resulted in the recent use of this modality to treat more complex orthodontic cases.</p> </sec> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Aim</title> <p>This scoping review aims to collate CAT treatment approaches for the correction of Class II malocclusions.</p> </sec> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Methods</title> <p>Six databases along with grey literature sources were searched using key terms related to “Class II malocclusions” and “clear aligners.” Duplicates were removed and two independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts before data from the included full-text articles was extracted into a structured recording form. The data were summarised narratively.</p> </sec> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Results</title> <p>The search yielded 2271 studies of which 123 were suitable for full-text review and a total of 59 studies were subsequently included in the present final review. In growing individuals, a combination of CAT with or without mandibular advancement (MA) components and/or elastics was assessed. For non-growing individuals, sequential distalisation and general alignment of the arches (with or without elastics) were common treatment approaches. The benefits of CAT for Class II correction were noted to be concurrent alignment plus good incisor and vertical control. The limitations reported within growing individuals were the difficulty in adjusting to and engaging the precision wings of the MA component, and a resulting open bite (either posterior or lateral). In non-growing individuals, poor predictability and efficacy of tooth movement were noted.</p> </sec> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Conclusions/clinical implications</title> <p>Clear aligner therapy may overcome common pitfalls during Class II correction as it provides solid incisor and vertical control during therapeutic management. However, the poor predictability of tooth movement as well as a reliance on compliance may limit aligner utilisation. Further research into the predictability of CAT for the treatment of Class II malocclusions in growing populations is indicated.</p> </sec> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoj-2025-00052025-04-09T00:00:00.000+00:00Workforce practices of orthodontists in Australia: now and in the futurehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoj-2025-0006<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Objective</title> <p>To investigate current and future workforce practices of qualified orthodontists (QOs) and trainee orthodontists (TOs) in Australia.</p> </sec> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Methods</title> <p>An original piloted e-survey with questions regarding current practices and intended working practices of QOs and TOs was developed. The survey was distributed to 514 QO and 46 TO members of the Australian Society of Orthodontists (ASO) from January to June 2024 via REDCap (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://www.project-redcap.org/">https://www.project-redcap.org/</ext-link>). Reported hours were converted to full-time equivalent (FTE) units. One FTE unit equated to working 35 hr per week for 46 weeks in one year.</p> </sec> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Results</title> <p>The response rate was 30.7% for QOs and 69.5% for TOs. FTE units per clinician, on average, was 0.80 (SD: 0.28) for QOs and 1.01 (SD: 0.14) for TOs. There was no difference between female and male clinicians related to FTE units (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05). For QOs and TOs, 48.3% and 34.3%, respectively, reported that they would work in metropolitan areas only. “Prefer to be close to friends and family” for QOs (84%) and “enough work in metropolitan areas” for TOs (100%) were the most reported reasons for working in metropolitan areas only. For QOs, 43.6% of respondents reported that they spent most of their hours working in “solo owner” roles. Fifty-one (29.9%) of the QO respondents indicated that they intended to retire within the next 5 years.</p> </sec> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Conclusions</title> <p>Over the next 5 years, the specialist orthodontic workforce in Australia is likely to experience losses particularly in non-metropolitan areas and in “solo owner” practices. This may have a significant impact on orthodontic treatment provision in Australia.</p> </sec> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoj-2025-00062025-04-09T00:00:00.000+00:00Shaping the future of orthodontics with artificial intelligence: An overview of innovations today, insights for tomorrowhttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoj-2025-0007<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Orthodontics is a specialised discipline of dentistry with a rich history dating back over 3,000 years. Ancient civilisations attempted tooth alignment using materials such as metal bands and catgut. Since its inception, orthodontics has made remarkable advances. Today, with artificial intelligence (AI) emerging as a transformative technology, the industry has shifted dramatically. The present study explores the interaction between orthodontics and artificial intelligence by focusing on its applications in diagnostic methods, treatment planning, and clinical practice. AI has demonstrated tremendous potential for enhancing the accuracy of cephalometric analysis, dental evaluations, facial assessments, and overall treatment outcomes through techniques related to deep learning and neural networks. Despite the promising results of existing applications, significant challenges remain, including algorithmic biases, ethical issues, and data privacy concerns. The present review underscores the limitations while also highlighting opportunities for incorporating AI into orthodontic treatment and emphasising the need for improved datasets and a better understanding of clinical implications. Ultimately, while AI integration has the potential to transform orthodontics, its implementation must be approached with caution in order to uphold ethical principles and promote patient-centred care.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoj-2025-00072025-04-09T00:00:00.000+00:00Management of Bilateral Significant Carotid Artery Stenosis in an Asymptomatic Patient with Extensive Coronary Artery Disease and Significant Risk Factorshttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/rjc-2025-0007<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Introduction</title> <p>Atherosclerosis is defined by the inflammatory process of the blood vessels driven by multiple cardiovascular risk factors. The involvement of at least two vascular territories significantly impacts prognosis and quality of life.</p> </sec> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Case Presentation</title> <p>Herein, we present the case of a middle-aged male patient, a former smoker, known with multiple cardiovascular risk factors: hypertension, uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and history of multivessel coronary artery disease complex managed (subsequent serial percutaneous coronary interventions and optimal medical regimen). The patient was admitted for dyspnea on moderate exertion and mild vertigo. A resting electrocardiogram depicted sinus rhythm and sequelae of an inferior myocardial infarction. Advanced echocardiography revealed impaired myocardial contractility (hypo-contractility of the inferior wall). Carotid Doppler ultrasound examination reported bilateral sub-occlusive stenosis, later confirmed by computed tomography angiography. Afterward, a bilateral staged carotid endarterectomy, along with the best medical treatment, was provided.</p> </sec> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Conclusion</title> <p>In an asymptomatic patient with well-established cardiovascular risk factors and a documented history of severe coronary atherosclerosis, it is crucial to assess the extent of the atherosclerotic burden and implement appropriate medical management.</p> </sec> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/rjc-2025-00072025-04-09T00:00:00.000+00:00 supplementation: impacts on growth and health of Pikeperch ()https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoas-2025-0034<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Sustainable development of aquaculture requires exploring strategies to enhance fish growth and welfare. This study assessed the probiotic potential of <italic>Enterococcus faecium</italic> on growth, immunity, and gut microbiota of farmed <italic>Sander lucioperca</italic> (Gilan, Iran). For this purpose, 180 fish (14.5±0.5 g) were distributed into 12 tanks and fed 4% of their biomass with four experimental diets, including a basal diet (C), basal diet with kanamycin aesculin azide (CP), and basal diets supplemented with 10<sup>10</sup> (EF1) and 10<sup>8</sup> (EF2) CFU/g <italic>E. faecium</italic> for 60 days. Results showed significantly higher weight gain and specific growth rate values in fish from EF1 and EF2 groups compared to other treatments (P&lt;0.05). In addition, the feed conversion ratio in EF1 (0.89±0.05) and EF2 (0.83±0.07) was significantly lower than the control group (1.56±0.05), indicating higher feed utilization efficiency in probiotic-fed fish (P&lt;0.05). Regarding serum biochemical parameters, no significant changes were observed for cholesterol, triglyceride, and albumin levels, while total protein and glucose levels were highest in EF1 and EF2 treatments (P&lt;0.05). Fish from EF1 and EF2 exhibited significantly higher lysozyme activity, IgM level, and complement activity (C3 and C4) compared to other treatments (P&lt;0.05). In addition, significantly lower ALP (alkaline phosphatase), ALT (alanine transaminase), and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) activities were observed in EF2 treatments. Finally, the total number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the intestinal tract of fish from the EF1 and EF2 groups was greater than that in the other groups. Along with a significant increase in the total bacterial count and LAB in the gut, it is concluded that <italic>E. faecium</italic> at 10<sup>10</sup> CFU/g diet can improve the growth performance and immune parameters of <italic>S. lucioperca.</italic></p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoas-2025-00342025-04-08T00:00:00.000+00:00Substituting the fishmeal with solid-state-fermented Black soldier fly () larvae meal in GIFT tilapia () fry diet: Effects for growth performance, carcass composition and liver histologyhttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoas-2025-0031<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Replacing fishmeal (FM) with an optimal aquafeed alternative remains a significant challenge. Recent research suggests that insect meal is a potential candidate ingredient for a substitute for fishmeal. Simultaneously, the Black soldier fly larvae meal (BM) is an intensively researched insect meal with promising results. However, controversial results and the inability to complete FM substitution prompt further investigation into new techniques. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) has been identified as a cost-effective technique to enhance the efficiency of aqua feed ingredients. Therefore, a nine-week experiment was conducted using fermented black soldier fly larvae meal (FB) to replace FM based on the protein content with 0% (0FB), 35% (35FB), 70% (70FB), and 100% (100FB) in the diet of GIFT tilapia (<italic>Oreochromis niloticus</italic>) fry (0.18±0.01 g/fish) applying SSF. Additionally, FM was entirely replaced by the unfermented black soldier fly larvae meal (UB), including diet (100UB). Results of the weight gain (WG), daily weight gain (DWG), relative weight gain (RWG), and specific growth rate (SGR) of FB-fed fish were statistically higher (P&lt;0.05) than those of UB-fed fish. However, there was a decreasing trend in the growth performance when the FB proportion was increased. Simultaneously, the feed efficiency ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of all the FB-fed fish were lower than the control. Further, 100UB exhibited reduced values in WG, DWG, and PER, underscoring the positive effect of SSF. Results of the carcass composition analysis showed that the SSF did not adversely affect the carcass crude protein, ash, and fiber contents. However, carcass lipid content decreased statistically (P&lt;0.05) with increasing levels of FB. Histopathological alterations in liver tissues of fish fed with the FBSFM-included diets highlight the importance of screening the rearing surfaces of black soldier fly to ensure feed safety. Overall, the SSF of BM is a viable option for substituting the FM in <italic>O. niloticus</italic> fry feed without affecting growth performance and feed utilization.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoas-2025-00312025-04-08T00:00:00.000+00:00Gender differences in the effects of skin hydration on electrodermal activity measurementshttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/joeb-2025-0006<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Electrodermal activity (EDA) is defined as a general term for all electrical behaviors in the skin, encompassing all active and passive electrical properties that can be traced back to the skin and its appendages. EDA measurements can be impacted by various factors and conditions. A factor of effect on EDA recordings, which has not been investigated before is the gender-related differences in the effects of skin hydration on EDA signals. Hence, this study aimed to study gender-related differences in the EDA parameters under conditions of skin hydration. 30 males and 30 females participated in this study under two different conditional (normal and hydration) experiments. Three EDA parameters (tonic and phasic components) were recorded from both groups. In the hydration experiment, 0.2 gram of 0.5% KCI in a 2% agar jelly was applied to the skin of all participants to moisturize their skin. The data from both experiments were analyzed to investigate gender-related differences in the effects of skin hydration on EDA measurements. It was found that EDA measurements, in particular the tonic component were not influenced by gender-related differences under hydration conditions. However, some significant (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0.05) differences were observed between males and females in certain phasic parameters in response to specific stimuli. This study suggests that skin hydration does not contribute to gender-related differences in EDA recordings. These results are probably important in EDA investigations and applications.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/joeb-2025-00062025-03-24T00:00:00.000+00:00Pig welfare and productivity in selected alternative systems. A niche market for porkhttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoas-2025-0035<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The keeping of pigs in free-range systems is widespread throughout the world, but its contribution to pig meat production is marginal; the scale of these systems varies and is adapted to different climatic and natural conditions. This system encourages the use of native pig breeds, which are more adapted to local conditions and can make better use of fibrous feedstuffs. Free-range pig production systems promote the concept of environmental, social, and economic sustainability. The animals are given the opportunity to express their natural behavior and thus improve and meet welfare requirements. Allowing pigs to explore pasture enriches their diet, which translates into higher obtainable meat and product values; these can be sold in niche markets, increasing the producers’ incomes. The development of such markets is linked to the choices of consumers who are willing to pay more for premium products. However, increasing the amount of fiber available in the pigs’ diet will mean that longer times are required to reach market weight. In summary, free-range production combines positive environmental practices, ensures biodiversity, protects natural resources, and, most importantly, ensures high welfare standards for pigs.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoas-2025-00352025-04-08T00:00:00.000+00:00When it comes to microplastic pollution, is the aquaculture industry a victim or perpetrator?https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoas-2025-0033<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>It is known that aquatic environments become the ultimate sink of emerging contaminants, namely microplastics (MPs). This review focused on exploring the current situation of microplastic presence in aquaculture facilities and aquaculture animals together with potential sources. A total of 90 peer-reviewed publications available on Web of Science were considered in the systematic review. Results revealed the important role of anthropogenic influences near the aquaculture facilities together with internal factors (such as infrastructure, feed, animal behavior etc). Literature results showed significant variation in microplastic abundance depend taxa; however,, no variation was observed depending on natural feeding preference or habitat of the species. Obtained data proved the widespread presence of microplastics in aquaculture animals that form a potential microplastic intake pathway for humans. This condition trigger microplastic accumulation in human body that might cause decrease in immune system or local particle toxicity. Therefore, necessary legislations should be implemented to sustain economic growth of the industry while reducing concerns regarding consumption of aquaculture products.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoas-2025-00332025-04-08T00:00:00.000+00:00Sanguinarine Inhibits Cell Growth in EBV-Positive Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomahttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aite-2025-0009<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>To investigate the effects of Sanguinarine (SAG) on the progression of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and to explore its underlying mechanism, this study utilized Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-positive DLBCL cell lines, FARAGE, and GM12878S. Cell counting kit-8 and bromodeoxyuridine assays were used to assess the effects of SAG on the cell proliferation. Flow cytometry and immunoblotting were employed to analyze cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Additionally, the molecular mechanism was explored through further immunoblotting analysis of the mechanism. SAG suppressed the growth of EBV-positive DLBCL cells. Furthermore, SAG induced cell cycle arrest and promoted apoptosis in these cells. Mechanistically, SAG suppressed the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, thereby suppressing DLBCL progression <italic>in vitro</italic>. SAG effectively inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in EBV-positive DLBCL via Wnt/β-catenin pathway, offering potential therapeutic insights for this lymphoma subtype.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aite-2025-00092025-04-09T00:00:00.000+00:00Thrombotic Markers in Plasma as Predictors of Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated with Baricitinib – Pilot Observationhttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aite-2025-0010<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Both disease and treatment carry the risk of thrombotic events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This pilot study aimed to assess changes in thrombotic markers in plasma and their potential role as predictors of response during early baricitinib treatment. The concentrations of antithrombin III (ATIII) activity, D-dimer (DD), fibrinogen, and homocysteine (HCY) were evaluated in RA subjects before and 3 months after the treatment. At baseline, the RA group had higher DD (1472.3 ± 349.2) and fibrinogen (410.4 ± 29.5) compared with healthy controls (HC; 450.3 ± 54.5; <italic>p</italic> = 0.0002 and 334.9 ± 19.2; <italic>p</italic> = 0.04, respectively). with no differences in ATIII and HCY. After 3 months, we observed a significant increase in HCY (10.7 ± 0.6 vs. 9.1 ± 0.5; <italic>p</italic> = 0.018) and ATIII (119.7 ± 2.7 <italic>vs</italic>. 110.4 ± 3.2; <italic>p</italic> = 0.004), the latter correlated negatively with disease activity score 28 (DAS28; <italic>r</italic> = −0686, <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.002). After 3 months of baricitinib therapy, the patients were divided into moderate responders (MR) and good responders (GR) groups according to EULAR criteria. At baseline, MR had higher DD (1639.2 ± 550.5 <italic>vs</italic>. 450.3 ± 54.5; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.0001) and lower ATIII (105.3 ± 3.6 <italic>vs</italic>. 115.1 ± 2.7; <italic>p</italic> = 0.043) compared with HC. Thrombotic parameters in the first 3 months of baricitinib treatment were mostly in line with current findings concerning the RA population. Increased levels of DD together with low ATIII concentrations seem to predispose to a moderate response to baricitinib treatment.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aite-2025-00102025-04-09T00:00:00.000+00:00Impacts of crowding stress on aquatic animals and its mitigation through feed additives supplementation – a reviewhttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoas-2025-0038<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Continuous and sustainable aquaculture development is essential to provide affordable protein sources for the global population. Nevertheless, the intensification of fish farming at high stocking density led to chronic crowding stress that could impair the growth performance, immune system, and antioxidant capacity of an aquaculture species. Consequently, the prevalence of disease outbreaks increases, resulting in low aquaculture production. Various countries remain highly dependent on antibiotics and chemotherapies to overcome this problem. Recently, researchers have proposed and developed alternative solutions using environmentally-friendly feed additives, such as probiotics, phytobiotics, and synthetic immune stimulants, to mitigate crowding stress. The feed additives reportedly alleviate crowding stress, promote growth performance, enhance gut microbiota, immune system, and antioxidant capacity, and stimulate disease resistance, contributing to the overall improvement of the health status of aquaculture species and boosting aquaculture production. The application of feed additives in aquafeed has been investigated in various aquaculture species to explore their beneficial effects at optimum doses. The study outcomes illustrated that feed additives in aquafeed are promising in mitigating crowding stress among aquaculture species. Herein, this review paper discussed and summarised the impacts of crowding stress on the growth, immune system, and antioxidant capacity of aquatic animals. In addition, this review highlighted the potential of feed additives such as probiotics, phytobiotics, and synthetic immune stimulants in mitigating crowding stress in aquatic animals was highlighted in this review.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoas-2025-00382025-04-08T00:00:00.000+00:00Ironing Out the Link: Ferritin and Coronary Artery Disease- a Two-year Perspective on Disease Burden and Prognosishttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/rjc-2025-0011<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Purpose</title> <p>This study evaluates the association between serum ferritin levels, coronary artery disease (CAD) severity, and survival outcomes over two years. It also examines correlations between ferritin and clinical parameters, including age and creatinine.</p> </sec> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Methods</title> <p>A total of 300 CAD patients underwent coronary angiography (CAG). Serum ferritin levels were categorized as low (&lt;30 μg/L), normal (30–300 μg/L for males and 30–200 μg/L for females), and high (&gt;300 μg/L for males and &gt;200 μg/L for females). CAD severity was classified into non-critical, single-vessel, dual-vessel, and triple-vessel disease. Survival outcomes were recorded as alive, deceased, or lost to follow-up. Statistical analyses included Pearson’s correlation, Chi-square tests, and Kaplan–Meier survival curves.</p> </sec> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Results</title> <p>The mean age was 59.03 ± 9.42 years, with 71.66% males. Hypertension and diabetes were present in 51.66% and 35.33% of patients, respectively. Ferritin levels showed a weak negative correlation with age (r = -0.122, P = 0.035) and a positive correlation with creatinine (r = 0.281, P = 0.001). Elevated ferritin levels were significantly associated with dual-vessel disease (50%) and mortality (P = 0.001). Deceased patients had higher ferritin levels (142.0 μg/L vs. 90.45 μg/L in survivors; P = 0.001).</p> </sec> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Conclusions</title> <p>Ferritin is strongly associated with CAD severity and mortality, particularly in dual-vessel disease. Its potential role in early risk stratification suggests clinical relevance. Further research should explore ferritin’s mechanistic link to CAD progression and its integration into prognostic models.</p> </sec> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/rjc-2025-00112025-04-08T00:00:00.000+00:00Microbial activities integration among aquaculture systems for better sustainability – a reviewhttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoas-2025-0036<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Wastewater treatment poses a significant challenge to sustaining intensive aquaculture systems, as these systems generate substantial waste including nitrogen compounds (ammonia, nitrite and nitrates), total solids, and total phosphorus. The accumulation of these waste products negatively impacts the fish production. Consequently, various wastewater treatment methods (physical, chemical and biological methods) have been implemented in aquaculture. Among, the biological methods (bioremediation) are more efficient and environmentally sustainable compared to other methods. This review provides an overview of the latest technological options for sustainable aquaculture wastewater treatment including the use of bacteria, microalgae, bacteria-algae symbiosis. These microorganisms based remediation activities are represented in constructed wetlands, ecological floating beds, recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), biofloc system, aquaponics system, and Integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA). It also explores the potential integration among these production systems based on the integrated microorganism’s roles on water treatment, increasing the sustainability of aquaculture practices.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoas-2025-00362025-04-08T00:00:00.000+00:00Enhancing production, reproduction, and health in laying quails through probiotic supplementation ( and ): effects on performance, physiological parameters, and gut microbiotahttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoas-2025-0030<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The objectives of this investigation were to evaluate the influence of dietary supplementation with different levels of <italic>Bacillus toyonensis</italic> ATCC 55050 (BT), <italic>Bifidobacterium bifidum</italic> ATCC 29521 (BB), and a combination of half the dose of BT and BB on the productive performance, carcass characteristics, physiological parameters, and gut microbiota of laying Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). A total of 144 laying quail chicks (56 days old, Japanese quail) were assigned to four experimental groups in a fully randomized design experiment for 12 weeks. Twelve replicates, each consisting of two female and one male bird, were created for each group. The control group of birds received a corn-soybean basal diet from 56 to 140 days of the trial. In contrast, the groups receiving probiotics were given the same control diet supplemented with 0.1% <italic>Bacillus toyonensis</italic> (BT), 0.1% <italic>Bifidobacterium bifidum</italic> (BB), or a combination of 0.05% <italic>Bacillus toyonensis</italic> plus 0.05% <italic>Bifidobacterium bifidum</italic> (BT+BB). There was a significant enhancement (P&lt;0.05) in performance traits during different weeks of age as a result of the treatments with <italic>Bacillus toyonensis</italic> (BT), <italic>Bifidobacterium bifidum</italic> (BB), and the combination of both (BT+BB), except for live body weight. The results demonstrated a significant influence (P&lt;0.05) of various probiotic treatments on fertility (Fer) and hatchability (Ha) percentages. BT+BB showed the highest fertility (98.57%) and total embryonic mortality (15.95%) compared to the other treatments. Also, the digestive enzymes activity was significantly (P&lt;0.05) enhanced by BT and (BT+BB) treatments, besides, the (BT+BB) treatment showed higher levels of all antioxidant traits. In summary, the addition of <italic>Bacillus toyonensis</italic> (BT), <italic>Bifidobacterium bifidum</italic> (BB), and their combination (BT+BB) to the diet of laying quails significantly improved performance, blood traits, and decrease total bacterial counts, coliform levels, total fungi, and the cecal microflora.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoas-2025-00302025-04-08T00:00:00.000+00:00Effect of dietary polysaccharide incorporation on growth, blood metabolites, tibia mineralization, and nutrient digestibility of broilershttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoas-2025-0032<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This study explored the impact of incorporating <italic>Polygonatum sibiricum</italic> polysaccharide (PSP) into broilers’ diets on their growth, serum mineral levels, tibia characteristics, and nutrient digestibility. A total of 240 day-old male Ross-308 broiler chicks were randomly divided into three experimental groups, each consisting of 8 replicates of 10 birds. The birds were fed diets supplemented with PSP at three levels: 0, 400, and 800 mg.kg<sup>−1</sup>, denoted as control, 400PSP, and 800PSP, respectively. Notably, the 800PSP group exhibited a linear improvement in feed conversion ratio and weight gain at 35 days of age. Crude protein and calcium digestibility were improved (P&gt;0.05) by PSP inclusion. The PSP addition did not influence the carcass traits, except for the relative weight of pectoral muscle, which increased linearly (P&gt;0.05) in the 800PSP group. Immune organ indexes exhibited a linear increase (P&gt;0.05) in the PSP-fed groups. There were no notable changes in hepatic and renal function biomarkers at 21 and 35 days of age. However, at 35 days of age, the serum lipid profile was affected, as linear and quadratic reductions (P&gt;0.05) in the concentrations of cholesterol, LDL and HDL were noticed. On day 21 of age, serum calcium, potassium, and iron levels exhibited linear increases (P&gt;0.05) in the 800PSP group. Moreover, the tibia ash content at 21 and 35 days of age increased linearly and quadratically (P&gt;0.05) in the 400PSP and 800PSP groups. In conclusion, incorporating PSP in broilers’ diets improved their growth, tibia ash content, serum minerals and lipid profile, and nutrient digestibility, particularly at the 800 mg.kg<sup>−1</sup> level.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoas-2025-00322025-04-08T00:00:00.000+00:00Cryoprotective and Antibacterial Effects of Resveratrol on Frozen-Thawed Turkey Spermatozoahttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/contagri-2025-0009<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of resveratrol (RES) supplementation in the cryopreservation medium on the conventional and non-conventional quality parameters, oxidative status, and microbial profile of cryopreserved turkey semen. Ejaculates (n = 40) were cryopreserved in a modified Beltsville extender either without RES (the cryopreserved control [Ctrl<sub>C</sub>]) or with 5, 10, or 25 µM RES . Fresh semen served as a negative control (Ctrl<sub>N</sub>). Post-thaw analyses included assessments of motility, viability, membrane functionality, mitochondrial activity, DNA fragmentation, apoptotic status, reactive oxygen species (ROS), protein carbonyl (PC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Bacteriological analysis was performed using the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The results obtained indicate that the sperm quality, particularly the mitochondrial activity, was significantly improved following the administration of 5 μM RES compared to Ctrl<sub>C</sub> (p &lt; 0.05). All RES doses were particularly effectvive in preventing the ROS overgeneration and associated lipid peroxidation relative to Ctrl<sub>C</sub> (p&lt;0.05). The bacterial load decreased in a dose-dependent manner, whereas RES was found effective in enhancing the antibacterial efficacy of gentamicin in the frozen-thawed semen. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that supplementing the modified Beltsville extender with 5 or 10 µM RES improves post-thaw turkey semen quality.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/contagri-2025-00092025-04-08T00:00:00.000+00:00Exploring the interactive effects of Thymol oil and : Moving towards an enhanced performance, hematology, immunity and gut histology of Nile Tilapia ()https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoas-2025-0037<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>An 84-day experimental trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary thymol, <italic>P. acidilactici</italic>at separate or combined on growth performance, intestinal digestive enzymes, bacterial counts, intestinal histo-morphometric indices, hemato-biochemical indices, and antioxidant responses in Nile tilapia, <italic>Oreochromis niloticus</italic>. A basal diet (30.34 g kg<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> of crude protein) and isocaloric (19.21 MJ kg<sup>−1</sup> gross energy) was used to form the the experimental treatments. Control group was the basal diet without additives and the other three formulated diets were supplemented with 2.32 thymol mg kg<sup>−1</sup> diet or <italic>P. acidilactici</italic>at 2 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU kg<sup>−1</sup> (probiotic; pro), and their mixture. A total number of 300 healthy fingerlings (Initial average weight 4.51 ± 0.01 g) were randomly allocated into four groups (25 fish for each group in triplicates). The results showed that the best values of growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded in fish fed diet containing a mixture of Thymol + <italic>P. acidilactici</italic>a. The activity of endogenous enzymes including; amylase, lipase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin was substantially boosted (<italic>P</italic>≤0.05) by supplemental diets with Thymol + <italic>P. acidilactici</italic>at. Furthermore, fish fed diet supplemented with Thymol + <italic>P. acidilactici</italic>at had greater villi width, villi height, goblet cells, absorption area, muscularis mucosa, and muscularis. Diets supplemented with a mixture of Thymol + <italic>P. acidilactici</italic>at substantially improved hematological markers. The supplemental diets with Thymol + <italic>P. acidilactici</italic>at improved the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) versus basal diet. In conclusion, the synergetic effect between Thymol + <italic>P. acidilactici</italic>at ameliorated the growth, feed efficiency, intestinal digestive enzymes, intestinal histological morphometric, hemato-biochemical indices, and antioxidant responses of Nile tilapia.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoas-2025-00372025-04-08T00:00:00.000+00:00Significance of local livestock genetic resources in the context of global food securityhttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoas-2025-0029<abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This paper aims to review the current state of knowledge on the significance of livestock genetic resources in the context of increasing global food availability. The still unresolved problem of world hunger and the rapidly rising human population, especially in underdeveloped areas, mainly in Africa and Southeast Asia, requires numerous measures to ensure food security. Global production of food of animal origin is generally determined by international breeds selected for high performance in the production of a particular product (meat, milk, or eggs). These breeds, as well as industrial food production systems, are crucial to ensuring global food security. Unfortunately, they exert significant pressure on the environment. In developing countries, extensive, low-input production systems relying on local animal breeds are also important in food production. These breeds are less productive, but having lived in a given region for decades, they have acquired many adaptive traits, i.e. better utilization of poorer quality feed, adaptation to adverse climatic conditions (high/low temperature or drought), and resistance to parasites or diseases. These breeds are also often used for crossbreeding with imported exotic high-yielding breeds to increase productivity while retaining the adaptive traits of the local breed. Local breeds have found their niche in food production in developed countries as well. Meat, meat products, cheese, and other dairy products from these breeds are increasingly reaching consumers with quality labels, including information about their origin, and consequently obtaining higher prices.</p> </abstract>ARTICLEtruehttps://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoas-2025-00292025-04-08T00:00:00.000+00:00en-us-1
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<title>A case series on resin allergy during clear aligner therapy</title>
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<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Clear aligner therapy (CAT) has gained popularity due to its aesthetic benefits, especially among adults. However, with ongoing advancements in appliance materials, concerns about resin allergies have emerged because of the extended contact between aligner plastics and the oral tissues. This case series highlights important clinical features of this rare and increasingly recognised issue. Diagnosing the allergies proved challenging due to variability in the presentation and test results. All of the cases were females aged 23 to 28 years with no prior history of allergy to food nor dental materials. Clinical manifestations varied between the patients and ranged from redness and swelling of the lips and gums to numbness and ulceration. Allergy testing, including serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and patch tests, yielded inconsistent results for two of the cases. Therefore, diagnosis was based primarily on clinical signs and symptoms. CAT was discontinued for two of the patients. In conclusion, it is crucial for dental practitioners to be aware of hypersensitivity reactions and thereby facilitate early detection of resin allergies in patients undergoing CAT.</p> </abstract></value>
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<title>Class II correction using clear aligners: a scoping review</title>
<link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoj-2025-0005</link>
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<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Introduction</title> <p>The increase in popularity and demand for clear aligner therapy (CAT) has resulted in the recent use of this modality to treat more complex orthodontic cases.</p> </sec> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Aim</title> <p>This scoping review aims to collate CAT treatment approaches for the correction of Class II malocclusions.</p> </sec> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Methods</title> <p>Six databases along with grey literature sources were searched using key terms related to “Class II malocclusions” and “clear aligners.” Duplicates were removed and two independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts before data from the included full-text articles was extracted into a structured recording form. The data were summarised narratively.</p> </sec> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Results</title> <p>The search yielded 2271 studies of which 123 were suitable for full-text review and a total of 59 studies were subsequently included in the present final review. In growing individuals, a combination of CAT with or without mandibular advancement (MA) components and/or elastics was assessed. For non-growing individuals, sequential distalisation and general alignment of the arches (with or without elastics) were common treatment approaches. The benefits of CAT for Class II correction were noted to be concurrent alignment plus good incisor and vertical control. The limitations reported within growing individuals were the difficulty in adjusting to and engaging the precision wings of the MA component, and a resulting open bite (either posterior or lateral). In non-growing individuals, poor predictability and efficacy of tooth movement were noted.</p> </sec> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Conclusions/clinical implications</title> <p>Clear aligner therapy may overcome common pitfalls during Class II correction as it provides solid incisor and vertical control during therapeutic management. However, the poor predictability of tooth movement as well as a reliance on compliance may limit aligner utilisation. Further research into the predictability of CAT for the treatment of Class II malocclusions in growing populations is indicated.</p> </sec> </abstract></value>
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<title>Workforce practices of orthodontists in Australia: now and in the future</title>
<link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoj-2025-0006</link>
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<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Objective</title> <p>To investigate current and future workforce practices of qualified orthodontists (QOs) and trainee orthodontists (TOs) in Australia.</p> </sec> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Methods</title> <p>An original piloted e-survey with questions regarding current practices and intended working practices of QOs and TOs was developed. The survey was distributed to 514 QO and 46 TO members of the Australian Society of Orthodontists (ASO) from January to June 2024 via REDCap (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://www.project-redcap.org/">https://www.project-redcap.org/</ext-link>). Reported hours were converted to full-time equivalent (FTE) units. One FTE unit equated to working 35 hr per week for 46 weeks in one year.</p> </sec> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Results</title> <p>The response rate was 30.7% for QOs and 69.5% for TOs. FTE units per clinician, on average, was 0.80 (SD: 0.28) for QOs and 1.01 (SD: 0.14) for TOs. There was no difference between female and male clinicians related to FTE units (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05). For QOs and TOs, 48.3% and 34.3%, respectively, reported that they would work in metropolitan areas only. “Prefer to be close to friends and family” for QOs (84%) and “enough work in metropolitan areas” for TOs (100%) were the most reported reasons for working in metropolitan areas only. For QOs, 43.6% of respondents reported that they spent most of their hours working in “solo owner” roles. Fifty-one (29.9%) of the QO respondents indicated that they intended to retire within the next 5 years.</p> </sec> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Conclusions</title> <p>Over the next 5 years, the specialist orthodontic workforce in Australia is likely to experience losses particularly in non-metropolitan areas and in “solo owner” practices. This may have a significant impact on orthodontic treatment provision in Australia.</p> </sec> </abstract></value>
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<title>Shaping the future of orthodontics with artificial intelligence: An overview of innovations today, insights for tomorrow</title>
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<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Orthodontics is a specialised discipline of dentistry with a rich history dating back over 3,000 years. Ancient civilisations attempted tooth alignment using materials such as metal bands and catgut. Since its inception, orthodontics has made remarkable advances. Today, with artificial intelligence (AI) emerging as a transformative technology, the industry has shifted dramatically. The present study explores the interaction between orthodontics and artificial intelligence by focusing on its applications in diagnostic methods, treatment planning, and clinical practice. AI has demonstrated tremendous potential for enhancing the accuracy of cephalometric analysis, dental evaluations, facial assessments, and overall treatment outcomes through techniques related to deep learning and neural networks. Despite the promising results of existing applications, significant challenges remain, including algorithmic biases, ethical issues, and data privacy concerns. The present review underscores the limitations while also highlighting opportunities for incorporating AI into orthodontic treatment and emphasising the need for improved datasets and a better understanding of clinical implications. Ultimately, while AI integration has the potential to transform orthodontics, its implementation must be approached with caution in order to uphold ethical principles and promote patient-centred care.</p> </abstract></value>
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<title>Management of Bilateral Significant Carotid Artery Stenosis in an Asymptomatic Patient with Extensive Coronary Artery Disease and Significant Risk Factors</title>
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<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Introduction</title> <p>Atherosclerosis is defined by the inflammatory process of the blood vessels driven by multiple cardiovascular risk factors. The involvement of at least two vascular territories significantly impacts prognosis and quality of life.</p> </sec> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Case Presentation</title> <p>Herein, we present the case of a middle-aged male patient, a former smoker, known with multiple cardiovascular risk factors: hypertension, uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and history of multivessel coronary artery disease complex managed (subsequent serial percutaneous coronary interventions and optimal medical regimen). The patient was admitted for dyspnea on moderate exertion and mild vertigo. A resting electrocardiogram depicted sinus rhythm and sequelae of an inferior myocardial infarction. Advanced echocardiography revealed impaired myocardial contractility (hypo-contractility of the inferior wall). Carotid Doppler ultrasound examination reported bilateral sub-occlusive stenosis, later confirmed by computed tomography angiography. Afterward, a bilateral staged carotid endarterectomy, along with the best medical treatment, was provided.</p> </sec> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Conclusion</title> <p>In an asymptomatic patient with well-established cardiovascular risk factors and a documented history of severe coronary atherosclerosis, it is crucial to assess the extent of the atherosclerotic burden and implement appropriate medical management.</p> </sec> </abstract></value>
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<title> supplementation: impacts on growth and health of Pikeperch ()</title>
<link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoas-2025-0034</link>
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<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Sustainable development of aquaculture requires exploring strategies to enhance fish growth and welfare. This study assessed the probiotic potential of <italic>Enterococcus faecium</italic> on growth, immunity, and gut microbiota of farmed <italic>Sander lucioperca</italic> (Gilan, Iran). For this purpose, 180 fish (14.5±0.5 g) were distributed into 12 tanks and fed 4% of their biomass with four experimental diets, including a basal diet (C), basal diet with kanamycin aesculin azide (CP), and basal diets supplemented with 10<sup>10</sup> (EF1) and 10<sup>8</sup> (EF2) CFU/g <italic>E. faecium</italic> for 60 days. Results showed significantly higher weight gain and specific growth rate values in fish from EF1 and EF2 groups compared to other treatments (P&lt;0.05). In addition, the feed conversion ratio in EF1 (0.89±0.05) and EF2 (0.83±0.07) was significantly lower than the control group (1.56±0.05), indicating higher feed utilization efficiency in probiotic-fed fish (P&lt;0.05). Regarding serum biochemical parameters, no significant changes were observed for cholesterol, triglyceride, and albumin levels, while total protein and glucose levels were highest in EF1 and EF2 treatments (P&lt;0.05). Fish from EF1 and EF2 exhibited significantly higher lysozyme activity, IgM level, and complement activity (C3 and C4) compared to other treatments (P&lt;0.05). In addition, significantly lower ALP (alkaline phosphatase), ALT (alanine transaminase), and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) activities were observed in EF2 treatments. Finally, the total number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the intestinal tract of fish from the EF1 and EF2 groups was greater than that in the other groups. Along with a significant increase in the total bacterial count and LAB in the gut, it is concluded that <italic>E. faecium</italic> at 10<sup>10</sup> CFU/g diet can improve the growth performance and immune parameters of <italic>S. lucioperca.</italic></p> </abstract></value>
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<title>Substituting the fishmeal with solid-state-fermented Black soldier fly () larvae meal in GIFT tilapia () fry diet: Effects for growth performance, carcass composition and liver histology</title>
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<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Replacing fishmeal (FM) with an optimal aquafeed alternative remains a significant challenge. Recent research suggests that insect meal is a potential candidate ingredient for a substitute for fishmeal. Simultaneously, the Black soldier fly larvae meal (BM) is an intensively researched insect meal with promising results. However, controversial results and the inability to complete FM substitution prompt further investigation into new techniques. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) has been identified as a cost-effective technique to enhance the efficiency of aqua feed ingredients. Therefore, a nine-week experiment was conducted using fermented black soldier fly larvae meal (FB) to replace FM based on the protein content with 0% (0FB), 35% (35FB), 70% (70FB), and 100% (100FB) in the diet of GIFT tilapia (<italic>Oreochromis niloticus</italic>) fry (0.18±0.01 g/fish) applying SSF. Additionally, FM was entirely replaced by the unfermented black soldier fly larvae meal (UB), including diet (100UB). Results of the weight gain (WG), daily weight gain (DWG), relative weight gain (RWG), and specific growth rate (SGR) of FB-fed fish were statistically higher (P&lt;0.05) than those of UB-fed fish. However, there was a decreasing trend in the growth performance when the FB proportion was increased. Simultaneously, the feed efficiency ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of all the FB-fed fish were lower than the control. Further, 100UB exhibited reduced values in WG, DWG, and PER, underscoring the positive effect of SSF. Results of the carcass composition analysis showed that the SSF did not adversely affect the carcass crude protein, ash, and fiber contents. However, carcass lipid content decreased statistically (P&lt;0.05) with increasing levels of FB. Histopathological alterations in liver tissues of fish fed with the FBSFM-included diets highlight the importance of screening the rearing surfaces of black soldier fly to ensure feed safety. Overall, the SSF of BM is a viable option for substituting the FM in <italic>O. niloticus</italic> fry feed without affecting growth performance and feed utilization.</p> </abstract></value>
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<title>Gender differences in the effects of skin hydration on electrodermal activity measurements</title>
<link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/joeb-2025-0006</link>
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<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Electrodermal activity (EDA) is defined as a general term for all electrical behaviors in the skin, encompassing all active and passive electrical properties that can be traced back to the skin and its appendages. EDA measurements can be impacted by various factors and conditions. A factor of effect on EDA recordings, which has not been investigated before is the gender-related differences in the effects of skin hydration on EDA signals. Hence, this study aimed to study gender-related differences in the EDA parameters under conditions of skin hydration. 30 males and 30 females participated in this study under two different conditional (normal and hydration) experiments. Three EDA parameters (tonic and phasic components) were recorded from both groups. In the hydration experiment, 0.2 gram of 0.5% KCI in a 2% agar jelly was applied to the skin of all participants to moisturize their skin. The data from both experiments were analyzed to investigate gender-related differences in the effects of skin hydration on EDA measurements. It was found that EDA measurements, in particular the tonic component were not influenced by gender-related differences under hydration conditions. However, some significant (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0.05) differences were observed between males and females in certain phasic parameters in response to specific stimuli. This study suggests that skin hydration does not contribute to gender-related differences in EDA recordings. These results are probably important in EDA investigations and applications.</p> </abstract></value>
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<title>Pig welfare and productivity in selected alternative systems. A niche market for pork</title>
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<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The keeping of pigs in free-range systems is widespread throughout the world, but its contribution to pig meat production is marginal; the scale of these systems varies and is adapted to different climatic and natural conditions. This system encourages the use of native pig breeds, which are more adapted to local conditions and can make better use of fibrous feedstuffs. Free-range pig production systems promote the concept of environmental, social, and economic sustainability. The animals are given the opportunity to express their natural behavior and thus improve and meet welfare requirements. Allowing pigs to explore pasture enriches their diet, which translates into higher obtainable meat and product values; these can be sold in niche markets, increasing the producers’ incomes. The development of such markets is linked to the choices of consumers who are willing to pay more for premium products. However, increasing the amount of fiber available in the pigs’ diet will mean that longer times are required to reach market weight. In summary, free-range production combines positive environmental practices, ensures biodiversity, protects natural resources, and, most importantly, ensures high welfare standards for pigs.</p> </abstract></value>
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<title>When it comes to microplastic pollution, is the aquaculture industry a victim or perpetrator?</title>
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<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>It is known that aquatic environments become the ultimate sink of emerging contaminants, namely microplastics (MPs). This review focused on exploring the current situation of microplastic presence in aquaculture facilities and aquaculture animals together with potential sources. A total of 90 peer-reviewed publications available on Web of Science were considered in the systematic review. Results revealed the important role of anthropogenic influences near the aquaculture facilities together with internal factors (such as infrastructure, feed, animal behavior etc). Literature results showed significant variation in microplastic abundance depend taxa; however,, no variation was observed depending on natural feeding preference or habitat of the species. Obtained data proved the widespread presence of microplastics in aquaculture animals that form a potential microplastic intake pathway for humans. This condition trigger microplastic accumulation in human body that might cause decrease in immune system or local particle toxicity. Therefore, necessary legislations should be implemented to sustain economic growth of the industry while reducing concerns regarding consumption of aquaculture products.</p> </abstract></value>
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<pubDate>2025-04-08T00:00:00.000+00:00</pubDate>
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<title>Sanguinarine Inhibits Cell Growth in EBV-Positive Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma</title>
<link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aite-2025-0009</link>
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<description>
<type/>
<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>To investigate the effects of Sanguinarine (SAG) on the progression of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and to explore its underlying mechanism, this study utilized Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-positive DLBCL cell lines, FARAGE, and GM12878S. Cell counting kit-8 and bromodeoxyuridine assays were used to assess the effects of SAG on the cell proliferation. Flow cytometry and immunoblotting were employed to analyze cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Additionally, the molecular mechanism was explored through further immunoblotting analysis of the mechanism. SAG suppressed the growth of EBV-positive DLBCL cells. Furthermore, SAG induced cell cycle arrest and promoted apoptosis in these cells. Mechanistically, SAG suppressed the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, thereby suppressing DLBCL progression <italic>in vitro</italic>. SAG effectively inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in EBV-positive DLBCL via Wnt/β-catenin pathway, offering potential therapeutic insights for this lymphoma subtype.</p> </abstract></value>
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<title>Thrombotic Markers in Plasma as Predictors of Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated with Baricitinib – Pilot Observation</title>
<link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aite-2025-0010</link>
<uri/>
<description>
<type/>
<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Both disease and treatment carry the risk of thrombotic events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This pilot study aimed to assess changes in thrombotic markers in plasma and their potential role as predictors of response during early baricitinib treatment. The concentrations of antithrombin III (ATIII) activity, D-dimer (DD), fibrinogen, and homocysteine (HCY) were evaluated in RA subjects before and 3 months after the treatment. At baseline, the RA group had higher DD (1472.3 ± 349.2) and fibrinogen (410.4 ± 29.5) compared with healthy controls (HC; 450.3 ± 54.5; <italic>p</italic> = 0.0002 and 334.9 ± 19.2; <italic>p</italic> = 0.04, respectively). with no differences in ATIII and HCY. After 3 months, we observed a significant increase in HCY (10.7 ± 0.6 vs. 9.1 ± 0.5; <italic>p</italic> = 0.018) and ATIII (119.7 ± 2.7 <italic>vs</italic>. 110.4 ± 3.2; <italic>p</italic> = 0.004), the latter correlated negatively with disease activity score 28 (DAS28; <italic>r</italic> = −0686, <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.002). After 3 months of baricitinib therapy, the patients were divided into moderate responders (MR) and good responders (GR) groups according to EULAR criteria. At baseline, MR had higher DD (1639.2 ± 550.5 <italic>vs</italic>. 450.3 ± 54.5; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.0001) and lower ATIII (105.3 ± 3.6 <italic>vs</italic>. 115.1 ± 2.7; <italic>p</italic> = 0.043) compared with HC. Thrombotic parameters in the first 3 months of baricitinib treatment were mostly in line with current findings concerning the RA population. Increased levels of DD together with low ATIII concentrations seem to predispose to a moderate response to baricitinib treatment.</p> </abstract></value>
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<pubDate>2025-04-09T00:00:00.000+00:00</pubDate>
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<title>Impacts of crowding stress on aquatic animals and its mitigation through feed additives supplementation – a review</title>
<link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoas-2025-0038</link>
<uri/>
<description>
<type/>
<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Continuous and sustainable aquaculture development is essential to provide affordable protein sources for the global population. Nevertheless, the intensification of fish farming at high stocking density led to chronic crowding stress that could impair the growth performance, immune system, and antioxidant capacity of an aquaculture species. Consequently, the prevalence of disease outbreaks increases, resulting in low aquaculture production. Various countries remain highly dependent on antibiotics and chemotherapies to overcome this problem. Recently, researchers have proposed and developed alternative solutions using environmentally-friendly feed additives, such as probiotics, phytobiotics, and synthetic immune stimulants, to mitigate crowding stress. The feed additives reportedly alleviate crowding stress, promote growth performance, enhance gut microbiota, immune system, and antioxidant capacity, and stimulate disease resistance, contributing to the overall improvement of the health status of aquaculture species and boosting aquaculture production. The application of feed additives in aquafeed has been investigated in various aquaculture species to explore their beneficial effects at optimum doses. The study outcomes illustrated that feed additives in aquafeed are promising in mitigating crowding stress among aquaculture species. Herein, this review paper discussed and summarised the impacts of crowding stress on the growth, immune system, and antioxidant capacity of aquatic animals. In addition, this review highlighted the potential of feed additives such as probiotics, phytobiotics, and synthetic immune stimulants in mitigating crowding stress in aquatic animals was highlighted in this review.</p> </abstract></value>
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<title>Ironing Out the Link: Ferritin and Coronary Artery Disease- a Two-year Perspective on Disease Burden and Prognosis</title>
<link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/rjc-2025-0011</link>
<uri/>
<description>
<type/>
<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Purpose</title> <p>This study evaluates the association between serum ferritin levels, coronary artery disease (CAD) severity, and survival outcomes over two years. It also examines correlations between ferritin and clinical parameters, including age and creatinine.</p> </sec> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Methods</title> <p>A total of 300 CAD patients underwent coronary angiography (CAG). Serum ferritin levels were categorized as low (&lt;30 μg/L), normal (30–300 μg/L for males and 30–200 μg/L for females), and high (&gt;300 μg/L for males and &gt;200 μg/L for females). CAD severity was classified into non-critical, single-vessel, dual-vessel, and triple-vessel disease. Survival outcomes were recorded as alive, deceased, or lost to follow-up. Statistical analyses included Pearson’s correlation, Chi-square tests, and Kaplan–Meier survival curves.</p> </sec> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Results</title> <p>The mean age was 59.03 ± 9.42 years, with 71.66% males. Hypertension and diabetes were present in 51.66% and 35.33% of patients, respectively. Ferritin levels showed a weak negative correlation with age (r = -0.122, P = 0.035) and a positive correlation with creatinine (r = 0.281, P = 0.001). Elevated ferritin levels were significantly associated with dual-vessel disease (50%) and mortality (P = 0.001). Deceased patients had higher ferritin levels (142.0 μg/L vs. 90.45 μg/L in survivors; P = 0.001).</p> </sec> <sec> <title style='display:none'>Conclusions</title> <p>Ferritin is strongly associated with CAD severity and mortality, particularly in dual-vessel disease. Its potential role in early risk stratification suggests clinical relevance. Further research should explore ferritin’s mechanistic link to CAD progression and its integration into prognostic models.</p> </sec> </abstract></value>
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<title>Microbial activities integration among aquaculture systems for better sustainability – a review</title>
<link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoas-2025-0036</link>
<uri/>
<description>
<type/>
<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>Wastewater treatment poses a significant challenge to sustaining intensive aquaculture systems, as these systems generate substantial waste including nitrogen compounds (ammonia, nitrite and nitrates), total solids, and total phosphorus. The accumulation of these waste products negatively impacts the fish production. Consequently, various wastewater treatment methods (physical, chemical and biological methods) have been implemented in aquaculture. Among, the biological methods (bioremediation) are more efficient and environmentally sustainable compared to other methods. This review provides an overview of the latest technological options for sustainable aquaculture wastewater treatment including the use of bacteria, microalgae, bacteria-algae symbiosis. These microorganisms based remediation activities are represented in constructed wetlands, ecological floating beds, recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), biofloc system, aquaponics system, and Integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA). It also explores the potential integration among these production systems based on the integrated microorganism’s roles on water treatment, increasing the sustainability of aquaculture practices.</p> </abstract></value>
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<title>Enhancing production, reproduction, and health in laying quails through probiotic supplementation ( and ): effects on performance, physiological parameters, and gut microbiota</title>
<link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoas-2025-0030</link>
<uri/>
<description>
<type/>
<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>The objectives of this investigation were to evaluate the influence of dietary supplementation with different levels of <italic>Bacillus toyonensis</italic> ATCC 55050 (BT), <italic>Bifidobacterium bifidum</italic> ATCC 29521 (BB), and a combination of half the dose of BT and BB on the productive performance, carcass characteristics, physiological parameters, and gut microbiota of laying Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). A total of 144 laying quail chicks (56 days old, Japanese quail) were assigned to four experimental groups in a fully randomized design experiment for 12 weeks. Twelve replicates, each consisting of two female and one male bird, were created for each group. The control group of birds received a corn-soybean basal diet from 56 to 140 days of the trial. In contrast, the groups receiving probiotics were given the same control diet supplemented with 0.1% <italic>Bacillus toyonensis</italic> (BT), 0.1% <italic>Bifidobacterium bifidum</italic> (BB), or a combination of 0.05% <italic>Bacillus toyonensis</italic> plus 0.05% <italic>Bifidobacterium bifidum</italic> (BT+BB). There was a significant enhancement (P&lt;0.05) in performance traits during different weeks of age as a result of the treatments with <italic>Bacillus toyonensis</italic> (BT), <italic>Bifidobacterium bifidum</italic> (BB), and the combination of both (BT+BB), except for live body weight. The results demonstrated a significant influence (P&lt;0.05) of various probiotic treatments on fertility (Fer) and hatchability (Ha) percentages. BT+BB showed the highest fertility (98.57%) and total embryonic mortality (15.95%) compared to the other treatments. Also, the digestive enzymes activity was significantly (P&lt;0.05) enhanced by BT and (BT+BB) treatments, besides, the (BT+BB) treatment showed higher levels of all antioxidant traits. In summary, the addition of <italic>Bacillus toyonensis</italic> (BT), <italic>Bifidobacterium bifidum</italic> (BB), and their combination (BT+BB) to the diet of laying quails significantly improved performance, blood traits, and decrease total bacterial counts, coliform levels, total fungi, and the cecal microflora.</p> </abstract></value>
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<title>Effect of dietary polysaccharide incorporation on growth, blood metabolites, tibia mineralization, and nutrient digestibility of broilers</title>
<link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoas-2025-0032</link>
<uri/>
<description>
<type/>
<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This study explored the impact of incorporating <italic>Polygonatum sibiricum</italic> polysaccharide (PSP) into broilers’ diets on their growth, serum mineral levels, tibia characteristics, and nutrient digestibility. A total of 240 day-old male Ross-308 broiler chicks were randomly divided into three experimental groups, each consisting of 8 replicates of 10 birds. The birds were fed diets supplemented with PSP at three levels: 0, 400, and 800 mg.kg<sup>−1</sup>, denoted as control, 400PSP, and 800PSP, respectively. Notably, the 800PSP group exhibited a linear improvement in feed conversion ratio and weight gain at 35 days of age. Crude protein and calcium digestibility were improved (P&gt;0.05) by PSP inclusion. The PSP addition did not influence the carcass traits, except for the relative weight of pectoral muscle, which increased linearly (P&gt;0.05) in the 800PSP group. Immune organ indexes exhibited a linear increase (P&gt;0.05) in the PSP-fed groups. There were no notable changes in hepatic and renal function biomarkers at 21 and 35 days of age. However, at 35 days of age, the serum lipid profile was affected, as linear and quadratic reductions (P&gt;0.05) in the concentrations of cholesterol, LDL and HDL were noticed. On day 21 of age, serum calcium, potassium, and iron levels exhibited linear increases (P&gt;0.05) in the 800PSP group. Moreover, the tibia ash content at 21 and 35 days of age increased linearly and quadratically (P&gt;0.05) in the 400PSP and 800PSP groups. In conclusion, incorporating PSP in broilers’ diets improved their growth, tibia ash content, serum minerals and lipid profile, and nutrient digestibility, particularly at the 800 mg.kg<sup>−1</sup> level.</p> </abstract></value>
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<title>Cryoprotective and Antibacterial Effects of Resveratrol on Frozen-Thawed Turkey Spermatozoa</title>
<link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/contagri-2025-0009</link>
<uri/>
<description>
<type/>
<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of resveratrol (RES) supplementation in the cryopreservation medium on the conventional and non-conventional quality parameters, oxidative status, and microbial profile of cryopreserved turkey semen. Ejaculates (n = 40) were cryopreserved in a modified Beltsville extender either without RES (the cryopreserved control [Ctrl<sub>C</sub>]) or with 5, 10, or 25 µM RES . Fresh semen served as a negative control (Ctrl<sub>N</sub>). Post-thaw analyses included assessments of motility, viability, membrane functionality, mitochondrial activity, DNA fragmentation, apoptotic status, reactive oxygen species (ROS), protein carbonyl (PC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Bacteriological analysis was performed using the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The results obtained indicate that the sperm quality, particularly the mitochondrial activity, was significantly improved following the administration of 5 μM RES compared to Ctrl<sub>C</sub> (p &lt; 0.05). All RES doses were particularly effectvive in preventing the ROS overgeneration and associated lipid peroxidation relative to Ctrl<sub>C</sub> (p&lt;0.05). The bacterial load decreased in a dose-dependent manner, whereas RES was found effective in enhancing the antibacterial efficacy of gentamicin in the frozen-thawed semen. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that supplementing the modified Beltsville extender with 5 or 10 µM RES improves post-thaw turkey semen quality.</p> </abstract></value>
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<title>Exploring the interactive effects of Thymol oil and : Moving towards an enhanced performance, hematology, immunity and gut histology of Nile Tilapia ()</title>
<link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoas-2025-0037</link>
<uri/>
<description>
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<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>An 84-day experimental trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary thymol, <italic>P. acidilactici</italic>at separate or combined on growth performance, intestinal digestive enzymes, bacterial counts, intestinal histo-morphometric indices, hemato-biochemical indices, and antioxidant responses in Nile tilapia, <italic>Oreochromis niloticus</italic>. A basal diet (30.34 g kg<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> of crude protein) and isocaloric (19.21 MJ kg<sup>−1</sup> gross energy) was used to form the the experimental treatments. Control group was the basal diet without additives and the other three formulated diets were supplemented with 2.32 thymol mg kg<sup>−1</sup> diet or <italic>P. acidilactici</italic>at 2 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU kg<sup>−1</sup> (probiotic; pro), and their mixture. A total number of 300 healthy fingerlings (Initial average weight 4.51 ± 0.01 g) were randomly allocated into four groups (25 fish for each group in triplicates). The results showed that the best values of growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded in fish fed diet containing a mixture of Thymol + <italic>P. acidilactici</italic>a. The activity of endogenous enzymes including; amylase, lipase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin was substantially boosted (<italic>P</italic>≤0.05) by supplemental diets with Thymol + <italic>P. acidilactici</italic>at. Furthermore, fish fed diet supplemented with Thymol + <italic>P. acidilactici</italic>at had greater villi width, villi height, goblet cells, absorption area, muscularis mucosa, and muscularis. Diets supplemented with a mixture of Thymol + <italic>P. acidilactici</italic>at substantially improved hematological markers. The supplemental diets with Thymol + <italic>P. acidilactici</italic>at improved the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) versus basal diet. In conclusion, the synergetic effect between Thymol + <italic>P. acidilactici</italic>at ameliorated the growth, feed efficiency, intestinal digestive enzymes, intestinal histological morphometric, hemato-biochemical indices, and antioxidant responses of Nile tilapia.</p> </abstract></value>
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<title>Significance of local livestock genetic resources in the context of global food security</title>
<link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/aoas-2025-0029</link>
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<value><abstract> <title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> <p>This paper aims to review the current state of knowledge on the significance of livestock genetic resources in the context of increasing global food availability. The still unresolved problem of world hunger and the rapidly rising human population, especially in underdeveloped areas, mainly in Africa and Southeast Asia, requires numerous measures to ensure food security. Global production of food of animal origin is generally determined by international breeds selected for high performance in the production of a particular product (meat, milk, or eggs). These breeds, as well as industrial food production systems, are crucial to ensuring global food security. Unfortunately, they exert significant pressure on the environment. In developing countries, extensive, low-input production systems relying on local animal breeds are also important in food production. These breeds are less productive, but having lived in a given region for decades, they have acquired many adaptive traits, i.e. better utilization of poorer quality feed, adaptation to adverse climatic conditions (high/low temperature or drought), and resistance to parasites or diseases. These breeds are also often used for crossbreeding with imported exotic high-yielding breeds to increase productivity while retaining the adaptive traits of the local breed. Local breeds have found their niche in food production in developed countries as well. Meat, meat products, cheese, and other dairy products from these breeds are increasingly reaching consumers with quality labels, including information about their origin, and consequently obtaining higher prices.</p> </abstract></value>
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